Fleeing religious persecution; did the Puritans discover a new “Eden” in North America? Would a European faith be accepted by Native peoples and African slaves?
#Religion;Series
#Church History
#Persecution
#Christianity
#American History
#Missionary
#Religion
#Revival
#Culture
#Faith
#Seek God
#Testimony
#Evangelism
#Gospel
#Blood of Jesus
#Body of Christ
#Boldness
#Sacrifice
#War
#Fear
#Slavery
#Separation of Church & State
#Revelation
#Tradition-American
#Transformation
#Community
#Dennis Haysbert
Closed captions
Show Timecode
Inexplicable | Part 4 - Mavericks in the New World | February 4, 2021
- [LIGHTNING, THUNDER, RAIN]
- 00:00:04.059 --> 00:00:32.688
- [LIGHTNING, THUNDER, RAIN] [MUSIC]
- 00:00:32.688 --> 00:00:46.235
- [MUSIC] [MUSIC]
- 00:00:46.235 --> 00:00:57.713
- - MALE NARRATOR: SINCE
- 00:00:59.148 --> 00:01:00.115
- - MALE NARRATOR: SINCE THE FIRST BREAKING OUT OF
- 00:01:00.115 --> 00:01:02.651
- THE FIRST BREAKING OUT OF THE LIGHT OF THE GOSPEL IN
- 00:01:02.651 --> 00:01:06.455
- WHAT WARS AND OPPOSITIONS
- 00:01:09.024 --> 00:01:10.926
- WHAT WARS AND OPPOSITIONS EVER SINCE SATAN HATH RAISED,
- 00:01:10.926 --> 00:01:13.328
- EVER SINCE SATAN HATH RAISED, MAINTAINED, AND CONTINUED
- 00:01:13.328 --> 00:01:16.165
- MAINTAINED, AND CONTINUED AGAINST THE SAINTS,
- 00:01:16.165 --> 00:01:16.798
- AGAINST THE SAINTS, FROM TIME TO TIME, IN ONE SORT
- 00:01:16.798 --> 00:01:25.541
- FROM TIME TO TIME, IN ONE SORT OR ANOTHER--
- 00:01:25.541 --> 00:01:27.643
- OR ANOTHER-- [MAN SCREAMING]
- 00:01:27.643 --> 00:01:28.977
- [MAN SCREAMING] - NARRATOR: -- SOMETIMES
- 00:01:28.977 --> 00:01:30.445
- - NARRATOR: -- SOMETIMES BY BLOODY DEATH AND CRUEL
- 00:01:30.445 --> 00:01:31.713
- BY BLOODY DEATH AND CRUEL TORMENTS, OTHERS WHILST
- 00:01:31.713 --> 00:01:35.184
- TORMENTS, OTHERS WHILST IMPRISONMENTS,
- 00:01:35.184 --> 00:01:36.285
- IMPRISONMENTS, BANISHMENTS, AND OTHER
- 00:01:36.285 --> 00:01:39.855
- BANISHMENTS, AND OTHER HARD USAGES.
- 00:01:39.855 --> 00:01:42.591
- HARD USAGES. [MAN SCREAMING]
- 00:01:42.591 --> 00:01:47.062
- [MAN SCREAMING] [SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC]
- 00:01:47.062 --> 00:01:47.930
- [SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC] - DENNIS HAYSBERT: IT IS
- 00:01:47.930 --> 00:01:50.265
- PILGRIMS WHO VOYAGED TO
- 00:01:52.000 --> 00:01:52.601
- PILGRIMS WHO VOYAGED TO THE BRAVE NEW WORLD IN
- 00:01:52.601 --> 00:01:53.502
- THE BRAVE NEW WORLD IN SEARCH OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM,
- 00:01:53.502 --> 00:01:54.870
- SEARCH OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, BUT IS THERE MORE
- 00:01:54.870 --> 00:01:57.472
- BUT IS THERE MORE TO THE STORY?
- 00:01:57.472 --> 00:01:59.675
- TO THE STORY? WHAT WOULD COMPEL
- 00:01:59.675 --> 00:02:00.709
- WHAT WOULD COMPEL POPULATION TO LEAVE THEIR
- 00:02:00.709 --> 00:02:02.010
- POPULATION TO LEAVE THEIR COMFORTABLE LIVES BEHIND
- 00:02:02.010 --> 00:02:03.345
- COMFORTABLE LIVES BEHIND AND VENTURE OUT INTO THE
- 00:02:03.345 --> 00:02:05.113
- AND VENTURE OUT INTO THE GREAT UNKNOWN?
- 00:02:05.113 --> 00:02:09.585
- - CHRISTY K. ROBINSON:
- 00:02:10.953 --> 00:02:11.587
- - CHRISTY K. ROBINSON: THEY COULD BE THROWN IN JAIL,
- 00:02:11.587 --> 00:02:13.155
- THEY COULD BE THROWN IN JAIL, AND WHEN THEY WERE IMPRISONED,
- 00:02:13.155 --> 00:02:13.855
- AND WHEN THEY WERE IMPRISONED, THEY DID NOT GET FED.
- 00:02:13.855 --> 00:02:16.491
- THEY DID NOT GET FED. THEY HAD HORRENDOUS,
- 00:02:16.491 --> 00:02:19.127
- THEY HAD HORRENDOUS, FILTHY CONDITIONS.
- 00:02:19.127 --> 00:02:19.861
- FILTHY CONDITIONS. THEY COULD BE SUBJECT TO
- 00:02:19.861 --> 00:02:22.831
- THEY HAD NO BLANKETS OR
- 00:02:24.299 --> 00:02:24.900
- THEY HAD NO BLANKETS OR HEATING IN THE WINTERTIME,
- 00:02:24.900 --> 00:02:27.469
- BEING SENTENCED TO PRISON
- 00:02:29.171 --> 00:02:30.072
- BEING SENTENCED TO PRISON COULD BE A DEATH SENTENCE.
- 00:02:30.072 --> 00:02:30.973
- COULD BE A DEATH SENTENCE. THAT WAS CONSIDERED TO BE
- 00:02:30.973 --> 00:02:33.875
- THAT WAS CONSIDERED TO BE TERRIBLE PERSECUTION.
- 00:02:33.875 --> 00:02:35.944
- TERRIBLE PERSECUTION. - DENNIS: IF YOU DIG INTO
- 00:02:35.944 --> 00:02:36.545
- - DENNIS: IF YOU DIG INTO THE HISTORICAL RECORD,
- 00:02:36.545 --> 00:02:38.013
- THE HISTORICAL RECORD, YOU'LL FIND THE ACCOUNTS
- 00:02:38.013 --> 00:02:39.047
- YOU'LL FIND THE ACCOUNTS OF SEPARATIST CLERGY, WHO
- 00:02:39.047 --> 00:02:40.616
- OF SEPARATIST CLERGY, WHO WERE PUNISHED, FINED INTO
- 00:02:40.616 --> 00:02:42.951
- WERE PUNISHED, FINED INTO POVERTY, AND IN PRISON.
- 00:02:42.951 --> 00:02:44.553
- POVERTY, AND IN PRISON. THOSE WHO MOST STRONGLY
- 00:02:44.553 --> 00:02:45.387
- THOSE WHO MOST STRONGLY OPPOSED THE CHURCH OF
- 00:02:45.387 --> 00:02:46.655
- OPPOSED THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND WERE MUTILATED
- 00:02:46.655 --> 00:02:48.557
- ENGLAND WERE MUTILATED AND BRANDED.
- 00:02:48.557 --> 00:02:49.057
- AND BRANDED. SOME WERE EVEN PUT TO
- 00:02:49.057 --> 00:02:51.126
- SOME WERE EVEN PUT TO DEATH, BUT THESE VALIANT
- 00:02:51.126 --> 00:02:53.428
- DEATH, BUT THESE VALIANT MEN WERE WILLING TO GO TO
- 00:02:53.428 --> 00:02:54.029
- MEN WERE WILLING TO GO TO EXTREMES TO PROTECT
- 00:02:54.029 --> 00:02:57.132
- EXTREMES TO PROTECT THEIR BELIEFS.
- 00:02:57.132 --> 00:02:58.367
- THEIR BELIEFS. [MUSIC]
- 00:02:58.367 --> 00:02:59.534
- [MUSIC] - CHRISTY: THEY WOULD
- 00:02:59.534 --> 00:03:00.869
- - CHRISTY: THEY WOULD TAKE THEIR WIVES,
- 00:03:00.869 --> 00:03:02.037
- TAKE THEIR WIVES, CHILDREN, SERVANTS,
- 00:03:02.037 --> 00:03:02.537
- CHILDREN, SERVANTS, PACK UP THEIR HOMES,
- 00:03:02.537 --> 00:03:03.605
- PACK UP THEIR HOMES, SELL THEIR HOMES,
- 00:03:03.605 --> 00:03:04.306
- SELL THEIR HOMES, AND VERY OFTEN THEY
- 00:03:04.306 --> 00:03:05.440
- AND VERY OFTEN THEY WOULD TAKE THEIR WHOLE
- 00:03:05.440 --> 00:03:06.475
- WOULD TAKE THEIR WHOLE CHURCH WITH THEM TO THE
- 00:03:06.475 --> 00:03:09.177
- CHURCH WITH THEM TO THE NEW WORLD.
- 00:03:09.177 --> 00:03:11.847
- NEW WORLD. [WAVES CRASHING]
- 00:03:11.847 --> 00:03:15.017
- [WAVES CRASHING] [MUSIC]
- 00:03:15.017 --> 00:03:15.550
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: THESE WERE THE
- 00:03:15.550 --> 00:03:17.886
- - DENNIS: THESE WERE THE FIRST HUNDRED PILGRIMS,
- 00:03:17.886 --> 00:03:19.354
- FIRST HUNDRED PILGRIMS, RELIGIOUS SEPARATISTS WHO
- 00:03:19.354 --> 00:03:19.921
- RELIGIOUS SEPARATISTS WHO WOULD BOARD A SHIP CALLED
- 00:03:19.921 --> 00:03:21.556
- WOULD BOARD A SHIP CALLED THE "MAYFLOWER," IN SEARCH
- 00:03:21.556 --> 00:03:22.791
- THE "MAYFLOWER," IN SEARCH OF A HOME.
- 00:03:22.791 --> 00:03:24.092
- OF A HOME. ALTHOUGH MOST HAD NOT
- 00:03:24.092 --> 00:03:25.661
- ALTHOUGH MOST HAD NOT FACED THE SAME TORMENT AS
- 00:03:25.661 --> 00:03:28.664
- FACED THE SAME TORMENT AS THEIR LEADERS, GRAVE
- 00:03:28.664 --> 00:03:29.264
- THEIR LEADERS, GRAVE CHALLENGES AWAITED THEM IN
- 00:03:29.264 --> 00:03:31.433
- CHALLENGES AWAITED THEM IN THE NEW WORLD.
- 00:03:31.433 --> 00:03:33.902
- - NARRATOR: OUR FATHERS
- 00:03:34.936 --> 00:03:35.537
- - NARRATOR: OUR FATHERS WERE ENGLISHMEN WHICH CAME
- 00:03:35.537 --> 00:03:38.240
- WERE ENGLISHMEN WHICH CAME OVER THIS GREAT OCEAN AND
- 00:03:38.240 --> 00:03:41.376
- OVER THIS GREAT OCEAN AND WERE READY TO PERISH IN
- 00:03:41.376 --> 00:03:43.378
- WERE READY TO PERISH IN THE WILDERNESS, BUT THEY
- 00:03:43.378 --> 00:03:45.047
- THE WILDERNESS, BUT THEY CRIED UNTO YE, LORD, AND
- 00:03:45.047 --> 00:03:46.882
- CRIED UNTO YE, LORD, AND HE HEARD THEIR VOICE AND
- 00:03:46.882 --> 00:03:50.018
- HE HEARD THEIR VOICE AND LOOKED ON THEIR ADVERSITIES.
- 00:03:50.018 --> 00:03:52.220
- - WILFRED M. MCCLAY:
- 00:03:53.255 --> 00:03:54.323
- - WILFRED M. MCCLAY: WELL, THEY DID LEAVE COMFORTS.
- 00:03:54.323 --> 00:03:54.790
- WELL, THEY DID LEAVE COMFORTS. THESE WERE MAINLY
- 00:03:54.790 --> 00:03:55.957
- THESE WERE MAINLY MIDDLE-CLASS PEOPLE.
- 00:03:55.957 --> 00:03:57.526
- MIDDLE-CLASS PEOPLE. THEY CAME AS FAMILIES.
- 00:03:57.526 --> 00:03:58.660
- THEY CAME AS FAMILIES. THEY CAME BECAUSE THEY
- 00:03:58.660 --> 00:03:59.728
- THEY CAME BECAUSE THEY WANTED TO PRACTICE THEIR
- 00:03:59.728 --> 00:04:01.363
- WANTED TO PRACTICE THEIR RELIGION, AND THEY FELT
- 00:04:01.363 --> 00:04:02.397
- RELIGION, AND THEY FELT THEY COULDN'T ANYMORE IN
- 00:04:02.397 --> 00:04:05.100
- THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND
- 00:04:07.436 --> 00:04:08.503
- THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND THE MONARCHY, PARTICULARLY
- 00:04:08.503 --> 00:04:09.304
- THE MONARCHY, PARTICULARLY UNDER JAMES I, WAS TOO
- 00:04:09.304 --> 00:04:10.505
- UNDER JAMES I, WAS TOO HOSTILE TO THEIR PRACTICE
- 00:04:10.505 --> 00:04:14.076
- HOSTILE TO THEIR PRACTICE OF RELIGION.
- 00:04:14.076 --> 00:04:15.544
- - THOMAS G. JONES:
- 00:04:16.978 --> 00:04:17.946
- - THOMAS G. JONES: PILGRIMS AND PURITANS BOTH WERE
- 00:04:17.946 --> 00:04:20.982
- PILGRIMS AND PURITANS BOTH WERE DRIVEN BY A STRONG SENSE THAT
- 00:04:20.982 --> 00:04:22.150
- DRIVEN BY A STRONG SENSE THAT THE CULTURE AROUND THEM WAS
- 00:04:22.150 --> 00:04:24.786
- THE CULTURE AROUND THEM WAS DISINTEGRATING, AND IT WAS
- 00:04:24.786 --> 00:04:27.322
- DISINTEGRATING, AND IT WAS DISINTEGRATING BECAUSE
- 00:04:27.322 --> 00:04:28.156
- DISINTEGRATING BECAUSE PEOPLE HAD LOST TOUCH
- 00:04:28.156 --> 00:04:30.992
- THEY WERE CAUGHT UP IN THE
- 00:04:32.060 --> 00:04:32.627
- THEY WERE CAUGHT UP IN THE POLITICS OF THE CHURCH OF
- 00:04:32.627 --> 00:04:33.528
- POLITICS OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, AND THEY WERE
- 00:04:33.528 --> 00:04:35.163
- ENGLAND, AND THEY WERE CONVINCED THAT A JUDGEMENT
- 00:04:35.163 --> 00:04:37.165
- CONVINCED THAT A JUDGEMENT WAS COMING AND UNLESS
- 00:04:37.165 --> 00:04:39.301
- WAS COMING AND UNLESS THOSE WHO WERE FAITHFUL TO
- 00:04:39.301 --> 00:04:42.871
- THOSE WHO WERE FAITHFUL TO SCRIPTURE ACTED AND ACTED
- 00:04:42.871 --> 00:04:45.140
- SCRIPTURE ACTED AND ACTED QUICKLY THAT THAT JUDGMENT
- 00:04:45.140 --> 00:04:47.309
- QUICKLY THAT THAT JUDGMENT WOULD DESTROY ALL OF THE
- 00:04:47.309 --> 00:04:49.778
- WOULD DESTROY ALL OF THE WESTERN WORLD AS THEY KNEW
- 00:04:49.778 --> 00:04:50.946
- WESTERN WORLD AS THEY KNEW AND UNDERSTOOD IT
- 00:04:50.946 --> 00:04:52.547
- AND UNDERSTOOD IT AT THAT TIME.
- 00:04:52.547 --> 00:04:54.516
- AT THAT TIME. SO THEY WERE ON A MISSION,
- 00:04:54.516 --> 00:04:55.117
- SO THEY WERE ON A MISSION, AN ERRAND, AS IT WERE,
- 00:04:55.117 --> 00:04:58.120
- AN ERRAND, AS IT WERE, INTO THE WILDERNESS.
- 00:04:58.120 --> 00:05:00.255
- - TIMOTHY LARSEN: THE
- 00:05:01.390 --> 00:05:02.190
- - TIMOTHY LARSEN: THE REALITY WAS THAT LIVING IN
- 00:05:02.190 --> 00:05:02.724
- REALITY WAS THAT LIVING IN THIS WILDERNESS WAS
- 00:05:02.724 --> 00:05:04.626
- THIS WILDERNESS WAS REALLY HARD.
- 00:05:04.626 --> 00:05:06.027
- REALLY HARD. I THINK WE TEND TO NOT GET
- 00:05:06.027 --> 00:05:06.962
- I THINK WE TEND TO NOT GET HOW MUCH IT WAS JUST ABOUT
- 00:05:06.962 --> 00:05:08.663
- HOW MUCH IT WAS JUST ABOUT SURVIVAL IN THE
- 00:05:08.663 --> 00:05:10.465
- SURVIVAL IN THE EARLY DAYS.
- 00:05:10.465 --> 00:05:11.032
- EARLY DAYS. PEOPLE WERE DYING FROM
- 00:05:11.032 --> 00:05:13.068
- PEOPLE WERE DYING FROM STARVATION OR
- 00:05:13.068 --> 00:05:14.536
- STARVATION OR STARVATION-RELATED
- 00:05:14.536 --> 00:05:17.773
- STARVATION-RELATED ILLNESSES, FROM OTHER
- 00:05:17.773 --> 00:05:19.608
- ILLNESSES, FROM OTHER KINDS OF ILLNESSES.
- 00:05:19.608 --> 00:05:20.208
- KINDS OF ILLNESSES. IT WAS A HUGE DIFFERENCE
- 00:05:20.208 --> 00:05:22.444
- IT WAS A HUGE DIFFERENCE TO G FROM A
- 00:05:22.444 --> 00:05:24.079
- TO G FROM A LONG-CULTIVATED,
- 00:05:24.079 --> 00:05:26.415
- LONG-CULTIVATED, WELL-ESTABLISHED COUNTRY
- 00:05:26.415 --> 00:05:27.249
- WELL-ESTABLISHED COUNTRY LIKE ENGLAND, BUT THEY'RE
- 00:05:27.249 --> 00:05:27.716
- LIKE ENGLAND, BUT THEY'RE NOT SITTING AROUND
- 00:05:27.716 --> 00:05:28.884
- NOT SITTING AROUND THINKING IN UTOPIAN TERMS
- 00:05:28.884 --> 00:05:30.185
- THINKING IN UTOPIAN TERMS ABOUT "ISN'T THIS AN
- 00:05:30.185 --> 00:05:31.987
- ABOUT "ISN'T THIS AN AMAZING NEW EDEN?"
- 00:05:31.987 --> 00:05:32.754
- AMAZING NEW EDEN?" THEY'RE THINKING ABOUT
- 00:05:32.754 --> 00:05:34.256
- THEY'RE THINKING ABOUT "HOW ARE WE GONNA GET
- 00:05:34.256 --> 00:05:35.190
- "HOW ARE WE GONNA GET THROUGH THIS WINTER?
- 00:05:35.190 --> 00:05:36.458
- THROUGH THIS WINTER? HOW ARE WE GOING TO MAKE
- 00:05:36.458 --> 00:05:37.325
- HOW ARE WE GOING TO MAKE SURE THAT OUR CHILDREN CAN
- 00:05:37.325 --> 00:05:38.193
- SURE THAT OUR CHILDREN CAN SURVIVE AND BE SUSTAINED
- 00:05:38.193 --> 00:05:39.561
- SURVIVE AND BE SUSTAINED HERE?"
- 00:05:39.561 --> 00:05:40.228
- HERE?" [BOOM]
- 00:05:40.228 --> 00:05:41.696
- [BOOM] - WILFRED: SO THIS WAS AN
- 00:05:41.696 --> 00:05:42.197
- - WILFRED: SO THIS WAS AN ERRAND TO SAVE THE WORLD
- 00:05:42.197 --> 00:05:43.231
- ERRAND TO SAVE THE WORLD BY ESTABLISHING A MODEL
- 00:05:43.231 --> 00:05:44.933
- BY ESTABLISHING A MODEL COMMUNITY FIRST.
- 00:05:44.933 --> 00:05:47.002
- COMMUNITY FIRST. IT'S A FANTASTIC THING,
- 00:05:47.002 --> 00:05:49.004
- IT'S A FANTASTIC THING, AND THEY DID IT OUT OF A
- 00:05:49.004 --> 00:05:50.005
- AND THEY DID IT OUT OF A DESIRE TO BE ABLE TO
- 00:05:50.005 --> 00:05:53.041
- DESIRE TO BE ABLE TO PRACTICE A PURE RELIGION,
- 00:05:53.041 --> 00:05:53.909
- PRACTICE A PURE RELIGION, A REFORMED RELIGION, A
- 00:05:53.909 --> 00:05:55.744
- A REFORMED RELIGION, A RELIGION THAT-- AND THIS
- 00:05:55.744 --> 00:05:58.046
- RELIGION THAT-- AND THIS IS ONE OF THE GREAT THEMES
- 00:05:58.046 --> 00:05:58.580
- IS ONE OF THE GREAT THEMES OF PROTESTANTISM,
- 00:05:58.580 --> 00:05:59.881
- OF PROTESTANTISM, A RELIGION THAT WENT BACK TO
- 00:05:59.881 --> 00:06:01.216
- A RELIGION THAT WENT BACK TO WHAT THE CHURCH HAD BEEN
- 00:06:01.216 --> 00:06:03.685
- WHAT THE CHURCH HAD BEEN AT THE TIME OF JESUS.
- 00:06:03.685 --> 00:06:04.619
- AT THE TIME OF JESUS. - DENNIS: TWO THOUSAND
- 00:06:04.619 --> 00:06:05.187
- - DENNIS: TWO THOUSAND BRAVE SOULS TRAVELED TO
- 00:06:05.187 --> 00:06:06.655
- BRAVE SOULS TRAVELED TO THE NEW WORLD IN THIS
- 00:06:06.655 --> 00:06:08.557
- THE NEW WORLD IN THIS YEAR ALONE.
- 00:06:08.557 --> 00:06:10.492
- YEAR ALONE. [MUSIC]
- 00:06:10.492 --> 00:06:10.992
- [MUSIC] - MARK NOLL: TEN YEARS
- 00:06:10.992 --> 00:06:11.760
- - MARK NOLL: TEN YEARS LATER, THE MAIN PURITAN
- 00:06:11.760 --> 00:06:13.128
- LATER, THE MAIN PURITAN MIGRATION TO WHAT'S NOW
- 00:06:13.128 --> 00:06:15.497
- MIGRATION TO WHAT'S NOW MASSACHUSETTS, LED BY
- 00:06:15.497 --> 00:06:16.965
- MASSACHUSETTS, LED BY JOHN WINTHROP BUT ALSO HAD
- 00:06:16.965 --> 00:06:19.835
- JOHN WINTHROP BUT ALSO HAD POSITIVE GOALS OF
- 00:06:19.835 --> 00:06:21.102
- POSITIVE GOALS OF ESTABLISHING A COMMUNITY
- 00:06:21.102 --> 00:06:22.437
- ESTABLISHING A COMMUNITY BASED UPON GOD'S WORD THAT
- 00:06:22.437 --> 00:06:24.139
- BASED UPON GOD'S WORD THAT WOULD BE EXEMPLARY FOR ALL
- 00:06:24.139 --> 00:06:27.209
- WOULD BE EXEMPLARY FOR ALL OF THE OTHER REFORMING
- 00:06:27.209 --> 00:06:28.877
- OF THE OTHER REFORMING PROTESTANTS OF EUROPE.
- 00:06:28.877 --> 00:06:30.645
- PROTESTANTS OF EUROPE. I THINK ONE OF THE REASONS
- 00:06:30.645 --> 00:06:33.682
- I THINK ONE OF THE REASONS WHY THE MASSACHUSETTS
- 00:06:33.682 --> 00:06:35.083
- WHY THE MASSACHUSETTS COLONY SUCCEEDED AND
- 00:06:35.083 --> 00:06:36.551
- COLONY SUCCEEDED AND BEYOND EXPECTATION,
- 00:06:36.551 --> 00:06:38.954
- BEYOND EXPECTATION, I THINK THEY HAD SUCCEEDED
- 00:06:38.954 --> 00:06:40.021
- I THINK THEY HAD SUCCEEDED BECAUSE THEY COMBINED WHAT
- 00:06:40.021 --> 00:06:41.823
- BECAUSE THEY COMBINED WHAT YOU MIGHT CALL A
- 00:06:41.823 --> 00:06:42.924
- YOU MIGHT CALL A "MAVERICK STREAK."
- 00:06:42.924 --> 00:06:43.492
- "MAVERICK STREAK." THEY WERE WILLING TO LEAVE
- 00:06:43.492 --> 00:06:45.227
- THEY WERE WILLING TO LEAVE ENGLAND AND ALL THAT WAS
- 00:06:45.227 --> 00:06:46.661
- ENGLAND AND ALL THAT WAS PART OF THEIR HERITAGE
- 00:06:46.661 --> 00:06:47.929
- PART OF THEIR HERITAGE BEHIND.
- 00:06:47.929 --> 00:06:48.830
- BEHIND. SO THAT WAS "MAVERICK,"
- 00:06:48.830 --> 00:06:50.565
- SO THAT WAS "MAVERICK," BUT THEN THEY WERE ALSO
- 00:06:50.565 --> 00:06:52.434
- BUT THEN THEY WERE ALSO ESTABLISHMENTARIANS, SO
- 00:06:52.434 --> 00:06:53.134
- ESTABLISHMENTARIANS, SO YOU HAD A COMBINATION OF
- 00:06:53.134 --> 00:06:55.170
- YOU HAD A COMBINATION OF WHAT COULD BE CONSIDERED A
- 00:06:55.170 --> 00:06:56.972
- WHAT COULD BE CONSIDERED A MAVERICK DESIRE TO JUST
- 00:06:56.972 --> 00:06:58.673
- SOME REALLY CRUCIAL
- 00:07:01.076 --> 00:07:01.576
- SOME REALLY CRUCIAL HARD-NOSED PLANNING AND
- 00:07:01.576 --> 00:07:02.677
- HARD-NOSED PLANNING AND SOME VERY CONSTRUCTIVE
- 00:07:02.677 --> 00:07:04.279
- SOME VERY CONSTRUCTIVE STEPS TO MAKE THE SOCIETY
- 00:07:04.279 --> 00:07:04.713
- STEPS TO MAKE THE SOCIETY WORK AS A CHRISTIAN
- 00:07:04.713 --> 00:07:09.184
- WORK AS A CHRISTIAN SOCIETY.
- 00:07:09.184 --> 00:07:09.985
- SOCIETY. THE REALLY REMARKABLE
- 00:07:09.985 --> 00:07:12.087
- THE REALLY REMARKABLE THING, TO ME, IS 1636,
- 00:07:12.087 --> 00:07:13.722
- THING, TO ME, IS 1636, SIX YEARS AFTER THEY LAND,
- 00:07:13.722 --> 00:07:18.159
- THEY INTENDED IT TO BE A
- 00:07:19.327 --> 00:07:20.161
- THEY INTENDED IT TO BE A SEMINARY BECAUSE THEY
- 00:07:20.161 --> 00:07:21.062
- SEMINARY BECAUSE THEY THOUGHT IT WAS ABSOLUTELY
- 00:07:21.062 --> 00:07:22.497
- THOUGHT IT WAS ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL THAT THEY HAVE A
- 00:07:22.497 --> 00:07:26.001
- ESSENTIAL THAT THEY HAVE A LEARNED CLERGY.
- 00:07:26.001 --> 00:07:26.568
- LEARNED CLERGY. THE PURITANS WERE NOT
- 00:07:26.568 --> 00:07:27.769
- THE PURITANS WERE NOT IGNORAMUSES.
- 00:07:27.769 --> 00:07:28.870
- IGNORAMUSES. THEY WERE VERY, VERY
- 00:07:28.870 --> 00:07:30.572
- THEY WERE VERY, VERY SMART.
- 00:07:30.572 --> 00:07:31.673
- SMART. THEY WERE CUTTING-EDGE
- 00:07:31.673 --> 00:07:32.440
- THEY WERE CUTTING-EDGE INTELLECTUALS IN A LOT OF
- 00:07:32.440 --> 00:07:33.608
- INTELLECTUALS IN A LOT OF WAYS.
- 00:07:33.608 --> 00:07:34.109
- WAYS. - DENNIS: THE IRONY WAS
- 00:07:34.109 --> 00:07:35.610
- - DENNIS: THE IRONY WAS THAT SOON AFTER HARVARD
- 00:07:35.610 --> 00:07:37.646
- THAT SOON AFTER HARVARD WAS ESTABLISHED, THE
- 00:07:37.646 --> 00:07:38.313
- WAS ESTABLISHED, THE PURITANS BELIEVED IT HAD
- 00:07:38.313 --> 00:07:40.749
- NEW INSTITUTIONS WERE
- 00:07:41.750 --> 00:07:43.251
- NEW INSTITUTIONS WERE CREATED IN AN ATTEMPT TO
- 00:07:43.251 --> 00:07:45.287
- CREATED IN AN ATTEMPT TO DELIVER A PURER FORM OF
- 00:07:45.287 --> 00:07:47.689
- DELIVER A PURER FORM OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION.
- 00:07:47.689 --> 00:07:48.223
- CHRISTIAN EDUCATION. - MARK: THIS IS A VERY
- 00:07:48.223 --> 00:07:49.758
- - MARK: THIS IS A VERY COMMON PATTERN IN AMERICAN
- 00:07:49.758 --> 00:07:51.793
- LOTS OF INSTITUTIONS ARE
- 00:07:52.894 --> 00:07:53.895
- LOTS OF INSTITUTIONS ARE FOUNDED WHEN THEIR PARENT
- 00:07:53.895 --> 00:07:55.230
- FOUNDED WHEN THEIR PARENT INSTITUTION IS PERCEIVED
- 00:07:55.230 --> 00:07:55.897
- INSTITUTION IS PERCEIVED AS MOVING AWAY FROM
- 00:07:55.897 --> 00:07:58.166
- AS MOVING AWAY FROM FOUNDING PRINCIPLES.
- 00:07:58.166 --> 00:08:00.435
- FOUNDING PRINCIPLES. [MUSIC]
- 00:08:00.435 --> 00:08:01.303
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: EVANGELISM
- 00:08:01.303 --> 00:08:03.204
- - DENNIS: EVANGELISM WASN'T PART OF THE PURITAN
- 00:08:03.204 --> 00:08:03.772
- WASN'T PART OF THE PURITAN ETHOS, SO WHEN
- 00:08:03.772 --> 00:08:05.006
- ETHOS, SO WHEN DARTMOUTH COLLEGE WAS
- 00:08:05.006 --> 00:08:06.975
- DARTMOUTH COLLEGE WAS FOUNDED TO REACH NATIVE
- 00:08:06.975 --> 00:08:07.576
- FOUNDED TO REACH NATIVE AMERICANS, IT MARKED A
- 00:08:07.576 --> 00:08:08.810
- AMERICANS, IT MARKED A NEW BEGINNING.
- 00:08:08.810 --> 00:08:09.411
- NEW BEGINNING. NOW THERE WAS A VOICE
- 00:08:09.411 --> 00:08:10.512
- NOW THERE WAS A VOICE CRYING OUT IN THE
- 00:08:10.512 --> 00:08:12.180
- CRYING OUT IN THE WILDERNESS TO BRING THE
- 00:08:12.180 --> 00:08:13.181
- WILDERNESS TO BRING THE GOSPEL TO A LONG MYSTERY
- 00:08:13.181 --> 00:08:15.550
- GOSPEL TO A LONG MYSTERY OF PEOPLE.
- 00:08:15.550 --> 00:08:23.024
- OF PEOPLE. [MUSIC]
- 00:08:23.024 --> 00:08:24.192
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: YEARS EARLIER,
- 00:08:24.192 --> 00:08:25.560
- - DENNIS: YEARS EARLIER, HOWEVER, GREAT GAINS HAVE
- 00:08:25.560 --> 00:08:26.995
- HOWEVER, GREAT GAINS HAVE BEEN MADE BY PIONEERING
- 00:08:26.995 --> 00:08:28.129
- BEEN MADE BY PIONEERING CATHOLICS IN BRINGING THE
- 00:08:28.129 --> 00:08:30.999
- CATHOLICS IN BRINGING THE GOSPEL TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE.
- 00:08:30.999 --> 00:08:31.833
- GOSPEL TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE. THEY TRAVELED ALL OVER THE
- 00:08:31.833 --> 00:08:33.201
- THEY TRAVELED ALL OVER THE WORLD AND INTO THE COLDEST
- 00:08:33.201 --> 00:08:34.569
- WORLD AND INTO THE COLDEST REGIONS OF NORTH AMERICA.
- 00:08:34.569 --> 00:08:39.174
- REGIONS OF NORTH AMERICA. NEW FRANCE.
- 00:08:39.174 --> 00:08:39.975
- NEW FRANCE. - MALE: PROTESTANTS, IN
- 00:08:39.975 --> 00:08:41.443
- - MALE: PROTESTANTS, IN GENERAL, CAME TO
- 00:08:41.443 --> 00:08:42.410
- GENERAL, CAME TO PARTICULARLY FOREIGN
- 00:08:42.410 --> 00:08:43.545
- PARTICULARLY FOREIGN MISSIONS QUITE LATE.
- 00:08:43.545 --> 00:08:44.746
- MISSIONS QUITE LATE. CATHOLICS ARE DOING
- 00:08:44.746 --> 00:08:46.181
- CATHOLICS ARE DOING MISSIONS VERY IMPRESSIVELY
- 00:08:46.181 --> 00:08:47.482
- MISSIONS VERY IMPRESSIVELY IN THE 16TH CENTURY.
- 00:08:47.482 --> 00:08:48.149
- IN THE 16TH CENTURY. - MARK: THE MOST
- 00:08:48.149 --> 00:08:49.250
- - MARK: THE MOST SIGNIFICANT EARLY
- 00:08:49.250 --> 00:08:50.952
- SIGNIFICANT EARLY CHRISTIAN OUTREACH TO THE
- 00:08:50.952 --> 00:08:51.987
- CHRISTIAN OUTREACH TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS CAME FROM
- 00:08:51.987 --> 00:08:53.355
- NATIVE AMERICANS CAME FROM FRENCH JESUITS, WHO HAD
- 00:08:53.355 --> 00:08:54.923
- FRENCH JESUITS, WHO HAD BEEN COMMISSIONED TO MOVE
- 00:08:54.923 --> 00:08:56.358
- BEEN COMMISSIONED TO MOVE OUT BEYOND SETTLED
- 00:08:56.358 --> 00:08:57.859
- OUT BEYOND SETTLED SOCIETY.
- 00:08:57.859 --> 00:08:58.927
- SOCIETY. IT TOOK OUTSIDERS,
- 00:08:58.927 --> 00:09:00.028
- IT TOOK OUTSIDERS, MAVERICKS, IF YOU WOULD,
- 00:09:00.028 --> 00:09:01.296
- MAVERICKS, IF YOU WOULD, THE JESUITS UP IN NEW
- 00:09:01.296 --> 00:09:02.697
- THE JESUITS UP IN NEW FRANCE, WHO BECAME THE
- 00:09:02.697 --> 00:09:04.032
- FRANCE, WHO BECAME THE EFFECTIVE MISSIONARIES TO
- 00:09:04.032 --> 00:09:06.635
- EFFECTIVE MISSIONARIES TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS.
- 00:09:06.635 --> 00:09:11.072
- THE NATIVE AMERICANS. [MUSIC]
- 00:09:11.072 --> 00:09:12.440
- [MUSIC] - MALE: THE OBJECTIVE WAS
- 00:09:12.440 --> 00:09:15.076
- - MALE: THE OBJECTIVE WAS IN THE MISSIONARIES THAT
- 00:09:15.076 --> 00:09:17.045
- IN THE MISSIONARIES THAT THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE HERE
- 00:09:17.045 --> 00:09:18.680
- THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE HERE HAD SOULS, THEY HAD A
- 00:09:18.680 --> 00:09:19.881
- HAD SOULS, THEY HAD A COMPLEX SOCIETY, AND THAT
- 00:09:19.881 --> 00:09:21.549
- COMPLEX SOCIETY, AND THAT THEY WERE FULLY HUMAN BUT
- 00:09:21.549 --> 00:09:23.418
- THEY WERE FULLY HUMAN BUT FOR THEIR LACK OF
- 00:09:23.418 --> 00:09:24.586
- FOR THEIR LACK OF KNOWLEDGE AROUND CHRIST.
- 00:09:24.586 --> 00:09:25.387
- KNOWLEDGE AROUND CHRIST. WITHOUT CHRIST, WE ARE
- 00:09:25.387 --> 00:09:27.455
- WITHOUT CHRIST, WE ARE LESS THAN FULLY HUMAN.
- 00:09:27.455 --> 00:09:28.390
- LESS THAN FULLY HUMAN. WE ARE LESS THAN FULLY
- 00:09:28.390 --> 00:09:29.024
- WE ARE LESS THAN FULLY WHAT WE COULD BE IN HIS
- 00:09:29.024 --> 00:09:30.625
- WHAT WE COULD BE IN HIS PRESENCE.
- 00:09:30.625 --> 00:09:32.427
- PRESENCE. [MUSIC]
- 00:09:32.427 --> 00:09:32.994
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: MOST
- 00:09:32.994 --> 00:09:33.595
- - DENNIS: MOST MISSIONARIES BELIEVED THAT
- 00:09:33.595 --> 00:09:34.996
- MISSIONARIES BELIEVED THAT TO CONVERT NATIVE PEOPLES,
- 00:09:34.996 --> 00:09:36.097
- TO CONVERT NATIVE PEOPLES, YOU NEEDED TO MOLD THEM
- 00:09:36.097 --> 00:09:37.465
- YOU NEEDED TO MOLD THEM INTO YOUR IMAGE, NOT
- 00:09:37.465 --> 00:09:39.567
- INTO YOUR IMAGE, NOT CHRIST'S, BUT THE JESUITS
- 00:09:39.567 --> 00:09:40.835
- CHRIST'S, BUT THE JESUITS HAD A MUCH DIFFERENT
- 00:09:40.835 --> 00:09:43.371
- HAD A MUCH DIFFERENT APPROACH.
- 00:09:43.371 --> 00:09:44.606
- APPROACH. [MUSIC]
- 00:09:44.606 --> 00:09:45.640
- [MUSIC] - MALE: THE LEADER OF
- 00:09:45.640 --> 00:09:46.341
- - MALE: THE LEADER OF FRENCH JESUITS IN NEW FRANCE,
- 00:09:46.341 --> 00:09:47.142
- FRENCH JESUITS IN NEW FRANCE, FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS,
- 00:09:47.142 --> 00:09:48.143
- FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS, WAS A MAN NAMED
- 00:09:48.143 --> 00:09:50.078
- WAS A MAN NAMED JEAN DE BRéBEUF, WHO FIRST
- 00:09:50.078 --> 00:09:51.646
- JEAN DE BRéBEUF, WHO FIRST CAME IN THE 1620s AND MADE
- 00:09:51.646 --> 00:09:53.948
- CAME IN THE 1620s AND MADE THE ACTIVE DECISION TO
- 00:09:53.948 --> 00:09:55.450
- THE ACTIVE DECISION TO LIVE AMONG THE INDIGENOUS
- 00:09:55.450 --> 00:09:56.885
- LIVE AMONG THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, TO EAT WHAT THEY
- 00:09:56.885 --> 00:09:58.319
- PEOPLE, TO EAT WHAT THEY ATE, TO LIVE IN LONGHOUSES
- 00:09:58.319 --> 00:09:59.854
- ATE, TO LIVE IN LONGHOUSES AS THEY DID, TO REALLY GET
- 00:09:59.854 --> 00:10:01.623
- AS THEY DID, TO REALLY GET A SENSE OF THEIR LANGUAGE,
- 00:10:01.623 --> 00:10:03.892
- A SENSE OF THEIR LANGUAGE, THEIR WORLD VIEW, THEIR
- 00:10:03.892 --> 00:10:05.393
- THEIR WORLD VIEW, THEIR SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE, AND
- 00:10:05.393 --> 00:10:06.895
- SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE, AND THEIR COMMUNITY
- 00:10:06.895 --> 00:10:09.097
- - JEAN DE BRéBEUF: WHEN
- 00:10:10.465 --> 00:10:11.232
- - JEAN DE BRéBEUF: WHEN YOU REACH THE HURONS, YOU
- 00:10:11.232 --> 00:10:11.766
- YOU REACH THE HURONS, YOU WILL FIND US WITH HEARTS
- 00:10:11.766 --> 00:10:12.600
- WILL FIND US WITH HEARTS FULL OF LOVE.
- 00:10:12.600 --> 00:10:13.268
- FULL OF LOVE. FATIGUED AS YOU WILL BE,
- 00:10:13.268 --> 00:10:15.270
- FATIGUED AS YOU WILL BE, WE SHALL BE ABLE TO GIVE
- 00:10:15.270 --> 00:10:17.238
- WE SHALL BE ABLE TO GIVE YOU NOTHING BUT A FLOOR MAT
- 00:10:17.238 --> 00:10:18.673
- YOU NOTHING BUT A FLOOR MAT FOR A BED.
- 00:10:18.673 --> 00:10:19.841
- FOR A BED. BESIDES, YOU WILL ARRIVE
- 00:10:19.841 --> 00:10:20.341
- BESIDES, YOU WILL ARRIVE WHEN FLEAS WILL KEEP YOU
- 00:10:20.341 --> 00:10:22.877
- WHEN FLEAS WILL KEEP YOU AWAKE MOST OF THE NIGHT.
- 00:10:22.877 --> 00:10:25.180
- AWAKE MOST OF THE NIGHT. WITHOUT EXAGGERATION, YOU
- 00:10:25.180 --> 00:10:28.349
- WITHOUT EXAGGERATION, YOU WILL ENDURE
- 00:10:28.349 --> 00:10:29.284
- WILL ENDURE SIX MONTHS OF WINTER IN
- 00:10:29.284 --> 00:10:30.151
- SIX MONTHS OF WINTER IN ALMOST CONTINUAL DISCOMFORTS,
- 00:10:30.151 --> 00:10:31.319
- ALMOST CONTINUAL DISCOMFORTS, EXCESSIVE COLD,
- 00:10:31.319 --> 00:10:32.487
- EXCESSIVE COLD, SMOKE, AND YOUR
- 00:10:32.487 --> 00:10:33.455
- SMOKE, AND YOUR CABIN MIGHT BURN DOWN AT
- 00:10:33.455 --> 00:10:35.590
- - MALE: HE ALSO HAD A
- 00:10:36.157 --> 00:10:38.026
- - MALE: HE ALSO HAD A CREATIVE SIDE, WRITING
- 00:10:38.026 --> 00:10:38.560
- CREATIVE SIDE, WRITING VARIOUS PIECES OF MUSIC IN
- 00:10:38.560 --> 00:10:40.628
- VARIOUS PIECES OF MUSIC IN THE WENDAT LANGUAGE.
- 00:10:40.628 --> 00:10:41.996
- THE WENDAT LANGUAGE. HE ALSO TRANSLATED THE
- 00:10:41.996 --> 00:10:43.498
- HE ALSO TRANSLATED THE NEW TESTAMENT, MOST OF IT,
- 00:10:43.498 --> 00:10:45.166
- NEW TESTAMENT, MOST OF IT, ANYWAY, INTO THE WENDAT
- 00:10:45.166 --> 00:10:45.934
- ANYWAY, INTO THE WENDAT LANGUAGE SO THEY COULD
- 00:10:45.934 --> 00:10:48.570
- LANGUAGE SO THEY COULD HEAR IT DURING THE HOLY MASS.
- 00:10:48.570 --> 00:10:50.672
- HEAR IT DURING THE HOLY MASS. [BOOM]
- 00:10:50.672 --> 00:10:51.239
- [BOOM] - MARK: DIFFICULTIES CAME
- 00:10:51.239 --> 00:10:53.475
- - MARK: DIFFICULTIES CAME AS INTERTRIBAL WARFARE.
- 00:10:53.475 --> 00:10:54.409
- AS INTERTRIBAL WARFARE. MANY OF THE EARLY JESUIT
- 00:10:54.409 --> 00:10:56.244
- MANY OF THE EARLY JESUIT LEADERS WERE ACTUALLY PUT
- 00:10:56.244 --> 00:10:56.911
- LEADERS WERE ACTUALLY PUT TO DEATH IN GRUESOME WAYS
- 00:10:56.911 --> 00:10:58.480
- TO DEATH IN GRUESOME WAYS BECAUSE THEY WERE TRYING
- 00:10:58.480 --> 00:10:59.748
- BECAUSE THEY WERE TRYING TO STAND IN BETWEEN
- 00:10:59.748 --> 00:11:00.515
- TO STAND IN BETWEEN STRUGGLING GROUPS OF
- 00:11:00.515 --> 00:11:04.285
- STRUGGLING GROUPS OF NATIVE AMERICANS.
- 00:11:04.285 --> 00:11:05.653
- NATIVE AMERICANS. [MUSIC]
- 00:11:05.653 --> 00:11:06.221
- [MUSIC] - MICHAEL KNOX: BUT MOST
- 00:11:06.221 --> 00:11:07.422
- - MICHAEL KNOX: BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY, BRéBEUF IS
- 00:11:07.422 --> 00:11:09.491
- IMPORTANTLY, BRéBEUF IS MARKED AS A MARTYR, BUT
- 00:11:09.491 --> 00:11:10.625
- MARKED AS A MARTYR, BUT ONE THAT WE COME TO
- 00:11:10.625 --> 00:11:12.961
- ONE THAT WE COME TO REALIZE LIVE DAILY A
- 00:11:12.961 --> 00:11:15.029
- REALIZE LIVE DAILY A PROFOUND SENSE OF UNION
- 00:11:15.029 --> 00:11:16.598
- PROFOUND SENSE OF UNION WITH CHRIST CRUCIFIED SO
- 00:11:16.598 --> 00:11:18.066
- WITH CHRIST CRUCIFIED SO THAT THE LORD COULD,
- 00:11:18.066 --> 00:11:20.068
- THAT THE LORD COULD, THROUGH HIM, DO THE WORK
- 00:11:20.068 --> 00:11:22.437
- THROUGH HIM, DO THE WORK OF THE MISSION.
- 00:11:22.437 --> 00:11:24.372
- OF THE MISSION. AND THIS SENSE OF
- 00:11:24.372 --> 00:11:28.376
- AND THIS SENSE OF SELF-EMPTYING SETS A TONE
- 00:11:28.376 --> 00:11:29.878
- SELF-EMPTYING SETS A TONE FOR US AS WE REFLECT UPON
- 00:11:29.878 --> 00:11:31.846
- FOR US AS WE REFLECT UPON HIS OFFERING OF HIS LIFE,
- 00:11:31.846 --> 00:11:33.581
- HIS OFFERING OF HIS LIFE, YOU KNOW, TIED TO A STAKE.
- 00:11:33.581 --> 00:11:35.717
- YOU KNOW, TIED TO A STAKE. NAILS REMOVED, FLESH
- 00:11:35.717 --> 00:11:37.619
- NAILS REMOVED, FLESH FLAILED FROM HIS BODY,
- 00:11:37.619 --> 00:11:39.087
- FLAILED FROM HIS BODY, HE SPENT HIS TIME PREACHING
- 00:11:39.087 --> 00:11:41.356
- HE SPENT HIS TIME PREACHING TO THE PEOPLE WHO WERE
- 00:11:41.356 --> 00:11:42.891
- TO THE PEOPLE WHO WERE TORTURING HIM BUT ALSO THE
- 00:11:42.891 --> 00:11:44.759
- TORTURING HIM BUT ALSO THE CHRISTIANS WHO WERE
- 00:11:44.759 --> 00:11:45.393
- CHRISTIANS WHO WERE WITNESSING IT, SO MUCH SO,
- 00:11:45.393 --> 00:11:46.394
- WITNESSING IT, SO MUCH SO, HIS TONGUE AND HIS LIPS
- 00:11:46.394 --> 00:11:47.262
- HIS TONGUE AND HIS LIPS WERE REMOVED, AND, YET THE
- 00:11:47.262 --> 00:11:48.396
- WERE REMOVED, AND, YET THE WITNESSES WRITE THAT HE'D
- 00:11:48.396 --> 00:11:49.464
- WITNESSES WRITE THAT HE'D NEVER PREACHED MORE THAN
- 00:11:49.464 --> 00:11:51.599
- NEVER PREACHED MORE THAN IN THAT MOMENT.
- 00:11:51.599 --> 00:11:52.300
- IN THAT MOMENT. - MALE: HE WAS, IN EFFECT,
- 00:11:52.300 --> 00:11:53.868
- - MALE: HE WAS, IN EFFECT, KILLED AT THE STAKE.
- 00:11:53.868 --> 00:11:57.438
- KILLED AT THE STAKE. HE WAS SO COURAGEOUS.
- 00:11:57.438 --> 00:11:59.240
- HE WAS SO COURAGEOUS. HE WAS SO STEADFAST IN
- 00:11:59.240 --> 00:12:01.176
- HE WAS SO STEADFAST IN THIS PERIOD OF BEING
- 00:12:01.176 --> 00:12:02.510
- THIS PERIOD OF BEING TORTURED THAT, WHEN HE WAS
- 00:12:02.510 --> 00:12:03.311
- TORTURED THAT, WHEN HE WAS DEAD, THE INDIANS OPENED
- 00:12:03.311 --> 00:12:04.979
- DEAD, THE INDIANS OPENED HIS CHEST AND TOOK OUT AND
- 00:12:04.979 --> 00:12:06.614
- HIS CHEST AND TOOK OUT AND ATE HIS HEART BECAUSE THEY
- 00:12:06.614 --> 00:12:08.082
- ATE HIS HEART BECAUSE THEY ADMIRED HIS COURAGE AND
- 00:12:08.082 --> 00:12:10.852
- ADMIRED HIS COURAGE AND HIS STEADFASTNESS SO INTENSELY.
- 00:12:10.852 --> 00:12:11.553
- HIS STEADFASTNESS SO INTENSELY. - MICHAEL: TO GIVE ONE'S
- 00:12:11.553 --> 00:12:13.588
- - MICHAEL: TO GIVE ONE'S SELF IN LOVE IS TO
- 00:12:13.588 --> 00:12:15.523
- SELF IN LOVE IS TO DISCOVER ONESELF.
- 00:12:15.523 --> 00:12:16.758
- DISCOVER ONESELF. TO JOURNEY WITH CHRIST
- 00:12:16.758 --> 00:12:18.860
- TO JOURNEY WITH CHRIST CRUCIFIED IS TO BE FULLY
- 00:12:18.860 --> 00:12:20.094
- CRUCIFIED IS TO BE FULLY HUMAN IN THE SENSE THAT TO
- 00:12:20.094 --> 00:12:21.462
- HUMAN IN THE SENSE THAT TO BE MOST HUMAN IS TO BE A
- 00:12:21.462 --> 00:12:24.098
- BE MOST HUMAN IS TO BE A PERSON OF LOVE.
- 00:12:24.098 --> 00:12:26.701
- PERSON OF LOVE. - DENNIS: AND THIS
- 00:12:26.701 --> 00:12:27.735
- - DENNIS: AND THIS AUTHENTIC PERSON OF LOVE
- 00:12:27.735 --> 00:12:28.736
- AUTHENTIC PERSON OF LOVE LEFT A EVEN GREATER LEGACY
- 00:12:28.736 --> 00:12:30.738
- LEFT A EVEN GREATER LEGACY WITH 7.000 HURONS
- 00:12:30.738 --> 00:12:32.407
- WITH 7.000 HURONS CONVERTING TO CHRISTIANITY
- 00:12:32.407 --> 00:12:34.375
- CONVERTING TO CHRISTIANITY BEFORE HIS DEATH IN 1649.
- 00:12:34.375 --> 00:12:37.679
- BEFORE HIS DEATH IN 1649. UNDER BRéBEUF'S LEADERSHIP,
- 00:12:37.679 --> 00:12:40.148
- UNDER BRéBEUF'S LEADERSHIP, ANOTHER JESUIT MISSIONARY
- 00:12:40.148 --> 00:12:41.316
- ANOTHER JESUIT MISSIONARY NAMED FATHER ISAAC JOGUES
- 00:12:41.316 --> 00:12:42.951
- NAMED FATHER ISAAC JOGUES ARRIVED IN NEW FRANCE
- 00:12:42.951 --> 00:12:45.053
- ARRIVED IN NEW FRANCE WITH A CALL TO LIVE AMONG
- 00:12:45.053 --> 00:12:46.921
- WITH A CALL TO LIVE AMONG THE NATIVE TRIBES.
- 00:12:46.921 --> 00:12:48.256
- THE NATIVE TRIBES. FATHER ISAAC HELPED CREATE
- 00:12:48.256 --> 00:12:49.324
- FATHER ISAAC HELPED CREATE THE MISSION OF
- 00:12:49.324 --> 00:12:50.325
- THE MISSION OF SAINTE-MARIE AMONG THE
- 00:12:50.325 --> 00:12:52.060
- SAINTE-MARIE AMONG THE HURONS, BUT HE WOULD FIND
- 00:12:52.060 --> 00:12:53.228
- HURONS, BUT HE WOULD FIND HIMSELF CAUGHT IN THE
- 00:12:53.228 --> 00:12:54.829
- HIMSELF CAUGHT IN THE CROSS FIRE.
- 00:12:54.829 --> 00:12:55.763
- CROSS FIRE. - MICHAEL: A FASCINATING
- 00:12:55.763 --> 00:12:57.131
- - MICHAEL: A FASCINATING CHARACTER, AND WE SEE THIS
- 00:12:57.131 --> 00:12:58.333
- CHARACTER, AND WE SEE THIS IN THE FACT THAT IN 1642
- 00:12:58.333 --> 00:12:59.601
- IN THE FACT THAT IN 1642 HE WAS ACTUALLY CAPTURED
- 00:12:59.601 --> 00:13:01.436
- HE WAS ACTUALLY CAPTURED ON A JOURNEY FROM THIS
- 00:13:01.436 --> 00:13:06.007
- ON A JOURNEY FROM THIS REGION BACK TO QUEBEC, AND
- 00:13:06.007 --> 00:13:07.342
- REGION BACK TO QUEBEC, AND IN THAT JOURNEY, HE ENDED UP
- 00:13:07.342 --> 00:13:09.611
- IN THAT JOURNEY, HE ENDED UP BEING HELD FOR ALMOST A YEAR.
- 00:13:09.611 --> 00:13:11.613
- BEING HELD FOR ALMOST A YEAR. HE WAS TORTURED, HE WAS
- 00:13:11.613 --> 00:13:13.181
- HE WAS TORTURED, HE WAS BEATEN, FINGERS REMOVED,
- 00:13:13.181 --> 00:13:16.384
- BEATEN, FINGERS REMOVED, AND SO HE ESCAPES.
- 00:13:16.384 --> 00:13:17.986
- AND SO HE ESCAPES. HE MAKES IT BACK TO
- 00:13:17.986 --> 00:13:19.487
- HE MAKES IT BACK TO FRANCE, BUT WITHIN A YEAR,
- 00:13:19.487 --> 00:13:20.221
- FRANCE, BUT WITHIN A YEAR, WHAT DOES HE DO?
- 00:13:20.221 --> 00:13:21.756
- WHAT DOES HE DO? HE CAME BACK, AND NOT ONLY
- 00:13:21.756 --> 00:13:22.924
- HE CAME BACK, AND NOT ONLY DID HE COME BACK, BUT HE
- 00:13:22.924 --> 00:13:24.125
- DID HE COME BACK, BUT HE WENT BACK AS AN AMBASSADOR
- 00:13:24.125 --> 00:13:25.326
- WENT BACK AS AN AMBASSADOR TO THE FRENCH, TO THE VERY
- 00:13:25.326 --> 00:13:26.628
- TO THE FRENCH, TO THE VERY PEOPLE WHO HAD CAPTURED
- 00:13:26.628 --> 00:13:27.629
- PEOPLE WHO HAD CAPTURED HIM AND TORTURED HIM THE
- 00:13:27.629 --> 00:13:31.399
- HIM AND TORTURED HIM THE FIRST TIME.
- 00:13:31.399 --> 00:13:32.834
- FIRST TIME. HE WASN'T THERE BUT A FEW
- 00:13:32.834 --> 00:13:34.102
- HE WASN'T THERE BUT A FEW HOURS, AND WHILE GOING IN
- 00:13:34.102 --> 00:13:35.436
- HOURS, AND WHILE GOING IN TO SUPPER WITH THE
- 00:13:35.436 --> 00:13:36.704
- TO SUPPER WITH THE LEADERSHIP, HE TOOK A
- 00:13:36.704 --> 00:13:38.973
- LEADERSHIP, HE TOOK A TOMAHAWK TO THE HEAD AND
- 00:13:38.973 --> 00:13:42.243
- TOMAHAWK TO THE HEAD AND WAS PUT TO DEATH.
- 00:13:42.243 --> 00:13:49.117
- WAS PUT TO DEATH. [MUSIC]
- 00:13:49.117 --> 00:13:49.984
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: TWO GENERATIONS
- 00:13:49.984 --> 00:13:50.518
- - DENNIS: TWO GENERATIONS LATER, A YOUNG WOMAN NAMED
- 00:13:50.518 --> 00:13:53.187
- LATER, A YOUNG WOMAN NAMED KATERI TEKAKWITHA BECAME
- 00:13:53.187 --> 00:13:55.423
- KATERI TEKAKWITHA BECAME PART OF HIS LEGACY.
- 00:13:55.423 --> 00:13:56.591
- PART OF HIS LEGACY. SHE LIVED AN EXTRAORDINARY
- 00:13:56.591 --> 00:13:58.726
- SHE LIVED AN EXTRAORDINARY LIFE OF DEVOTION AND WAS
- 00:13:58.726 --> 00:13:59.928
- LIFE OF DEVOTION AND WAS EVENTUALLY CANONIZED AS
- 00:13:59.928 --> 00:14:00.895
- EVENTUALLY CANONIZED AS THE FIRST ABORIGINAL SAINT
- 00:14:00.895 --> 00:14:03.665
- THE FIRST ABORIGINAL SAINT OF CANADA.
- 00:14:03.665 --> 00:14:04.766
- OF CANADA. - MICHAEL: WE SAW THAT
- 00:14:04.766 --> 00:14:07.869
- - MICHAEL: WE SAW THAT WHOLE GROUP AND CLUSTER OF
- 00:14:07.869 --> 00:14:09.203
- WHOLE GROUP AND CLUSTER OF VILLAGES EVENTUALLY
- 00:14:09.203 --> 00:14:10.939
- VILLAGES EVENTUALLY EMBRACE CHRISTIANITY AND
- 00:14:10.939 --> 00:14:12.206
- EMBRACE CHRISTIANITY AND DISCOVER WITHIN THEIR
- 00:14:12.206 --> 00:14:13.341
- DISCOVER WITHIN THEIR CULTURE AND BY THEIR
- 00:14:13.341 --> 00:14:14.442
- CULTURE AND BY THEIR CHOICE THEMSELVES THE
- 00:14:14.442 --> 00:14:16.844
- CHOICE THEMSELVES THE PRESENCE OF JESUS,
- 00:14:16.844 --> 00:14:17.412
- [MUSIC]
- 00:14:25.687 --> 00:14:26.287
- [MUSIC] [VOCALIZING]
- 00:14:26.287 --> 00:14:27.088
- AT THE CORE, THOUGH, TO DO
- 00:14:31.426 --> 00:14:32.527
- AT THE CORE, THOUGH, TO DO SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY OR
- 00:14:32.527 --> 00:14:33.394
- SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY OR OUT OF THE STEP OF WHAT
- 00:14:33.394 --> 00:14:33.928
- OUT OF THE STEP OF WHAT SOCIETY WOULD THINK TO BE
- 00:14:33.928 --> 00:14:36.297
- SOCIETY WOULD THINK TO BE NORMAL.
- 00:14:36.297 --> 00:14:38.333
- NORMAL. SO MANY THINGS IN OUR
- 00:14:38.333 --> 00:14:38.866
- SO MANY THINGS IN OUR HISTORY AND GOD'S ROLE IN
- 00:14:38.866 --> 00:14:41.769
- HISTORY AND GOD'S ROLE IN IT DEPEND ON OUR
- 00:14:41.769 --> 00:14:44.472
- IT DEPEND ON OUR WILLINGNESS TO LISTEN AND
- 00:14:44.472 --> 00:14:48.042
- WILLINGNESS TO LISTEN AND OUR AVAILABILITY TO RESPOND.
- 00:14:48.042 --> 00:14:49.210
- OUR AVAILABILITY TO RESPOND. AT THE CORE OF THESE MEN
- 00:14:49.210 --> 00:14:51.612
- AT THE CORE OF THESE MEN WAS THAT GREAT SPIRIT OF
- 00:14:51.612 --> 00:14:52.680
- WAS THAT GREAT SPIRIT OF AVAILABILITY AND LOVE,
- 00:14:52.680 --> 00:14:54.248
- AVAILABILITY AND LOVE, AND IF THAT SET THEM ON A
- 00:14:54.248 --> 00:14:54.983
- AND IF THAT SET THEM ON A TRAJECTORY THROUGH THE
- 00:14:54.983 --> 00:14:56.951
- TRAJECTORY THROUGH THE HOLY SPIRIT THAT WAS
- 00:14:56.951 --> 00:14:58.720
- HOLY SPIRIT THAT WAS UNUSUAL IN THAT SENSE,
- 00:14:58.720 --> 00:15:01.856
- UNUSUAL IN THAT SENSE, THEY WERE MAVERICKS.
- 00:15:01.856 --> 00:15:04.659
- THEY WERE MAVERICKS. [MUSIC]
- 00:15:04.659 --> 00:15:05.927
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: BLOOD.
- 00:15:05.927 --> 00:15:09.497
- - DENNIS: BLOOD. IT IS THE VITAL FORCE OF LIFE.
- 00:15:09.497 --> 00:15:10.631
- IT IS THE VITAL FORCE OF LIFE. IT IS THE VERY ESSENCE OF
- 00:15:10.631 --> 00:15:12.066
- IT IS THE VERY ESSENCE OF LIFE IN CHRIST, BUT BACK
- 00:15:12.066 --> 00:15:15.636
- LIFE IN CHRIST, BUT BACK IN THE COLONIES, MUCH
- 00:15:15.636 --> 00:15:16.904
- IN THE COLONIES, MUCH BLOOD HAD BEEN SHED IN THE
- 00:15:16.904 --> 00:15:19.140
- BLOOD HAD BEEN SHED IN THE DARKEST CHAPTERS OF OUR HISTORY.
- 00:15:19.140 --> 00:15:21.542
- DARKEST CHAPTERS OF OUR HISTORY. [BANG, BANG]
- 00:15:21.542 --> 00:15:22.410
- [BANG, BANG] - MALE: THERE WAS SOME
- 00:15:22.410 --> 00:15:24.145
- - MALE: THERE WAS SOME TERRIBLE DESTRUCTION OF
- 00:15:24.145 --> 00:15:25.179
- TERRIBLE DESTRUCTION OF INDIANS ON THE BASIS OF
- 00:15:25.179 --> 00:15:26.714
- INDIANS ON THE BASIS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT MODEL OF
- 00:15:26.714 --> 00:15:27.382
- THE OLD TESTAMENT MODEL OF THE ISRAELITES WIPING OUT
- 00:15:27.382 --> 00:15:28.683
- THE ISRAELITES WIPING OUT THE CANAANITES.
- 00:15:28.683 --> 00:15:30.918
- THE CANAANITES. - DENNIS: EVEN IN THE
- 00:15:30.918 --> 00:15:32.286
- - DENNIS: EVEN IN THE MIDST OF TERROR AND
- 00:15:32.286 --> 00:15:34.489
- MIDST OF TERROR AND BRUTALITY, BOLD ADVOCATES
- 00:15:34.489 --> 00:15:35.823
- BRUTALITY, BOLD ADVOCATES EMERGED, CALLING FOR
- 00:15:35.823 --> 00:15:37.558
- EMERGED, CALLING FOR BETTER INDIAN RELATIONS
- 00:15:37.558 --> 00:15:38.760
- BETTER INDIAN RELATIONS AND THE PREACHING OF THE
- 00:15:38.760 --> 00:15:41.629
- AND THE PREACHING OF THE GOSPEL.
- 00:15:41.629 --> 00:15:42.130
- GOSPEL. - MARK: BUT THERE ARE
- 00:15:42.130 --> 00:15:43.131
- - MARK: BUT THERE ARE ALSO INDIVIDUALS AMONGST
- 00:15:43.131 --> 00:15:43.765
- ALSO INDIVIDUALS AMONGST THE PURITANS LIKE
- 00:15:43.765 --> 00:15:44.766
- THE PURITANS LIKE ROGER WILLIAMS, WHO TOOK
- 00:15:44.766 --> 00:15:45.366
- ROGER WILLIAMS, WHO TOOK TIME TO LEARN THE
- 00:15:45.366 --> 00:15:47.268
- TIME TO LEARN THE INDIAN LANGUAGES, WHO
- 00:15:47.268 --> 00:15:48.903
- INDIAN LANGUAGES, WHO ACTED AS A MEDIATOR WHEN
- 00:15:48.903 --> 00:15:49.837
- ACTED AS A MEDIATOR WHEN THERE WAS CONFLICTS.
- 00:15:49.837 --> 00:15:51.506
- THERE WAS CONFLICTS. THERE WOULD LATER BE A
- 00:15:51.506 --> 00:15:53.941
- THERE WOULD LATER BE A PURITAN MINISTER BY THE
- 00:15:53.941 --> 00:15:54.809
- PURITAN MINISTER BY THE NAME OF JOHN ELIOT, WHO
- 00:15:54.809 --> 00:15:56.110
- NAME OF JOHN ELIOT, WHO EXPENDED MANY YEARS,
- 00:15:56.110 --> 00:15:56.677
- EXPENDED MANY YEARS, DECADES, IN FACT,
- 00:15:56.677 --> 00:15:57.945
- DECADES, IN FACT, TRANSLATING THE BIBLE INTO
- 00:15:57.945 --> 00:15:59.180
- TRANSLATING THE BIBLE INTO ALGONQUIN AND SHOWED A
- 00:15:59.180 --> 00:16:00.681
- ALGONQUIN AND SHOWED A GREAT RESPECT FOR THE
- 00:16:00.681 --> 00:16:01.983
- GREAT RESPECT FOR THE NATIVE AMERICANS MUCH MORE
- 00:16:01.983 --> 00:16:03.017
- NATIVE AMERICANS MUCH MORE SO THAN MOST OF THE
- 00:16:03.017 --> 00:16:04.018
- SO THAN MOST OF THE EUROPEANS OF HIS DAY.
- 00:16:04.018 --> 00:16:11.125
- EUROPEANS OF HIS DAY. [MUSIC]
- 00:16:11.125 --> 00:16:12.460
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: AS PURITANS
- 00:16:12.460 --> 00:16:13.227
- - DENNIS: AS PURITANS WERE FLEEING TO THE NEW
- 00:16:13.227 --> 00:16:14.729
- WERE FLEEING TO THE NEW WORLD TO AVOID
- 00:16:14.729 --> 00:16:16.731
- WORLD TO AVOID PERSECUTION, ANOTHER
- 00:16:16.731 --> 00:16:18.699
- PERSECUTION, ANOTHER MIGRATION IS TAKING PLACE.
- 00:16:18.699 --> 00:16:20.568
- MIGRATION IS TAKING PLACE. THIS WAS THE FORCED VOYAGE
- 00:16:20.568 --> 00:16:23.037
- THIS WAS THE FORCED VOYAGE OF ENSLAVED AFRICANS,
- 00:16:23.037 --> 00:16:25.173
- OF ENSLAVED AFRICANS, KNOWN AS THE MIDDLE PASSAGE.
- 00:16:25.173 --> 00:16:26.474
- KNOWN AS THE MIDDLE PASSAGE. - STEPHEN PIERCE:
- 00:16:26.474 --> 00:16:27.041
- - STEPHEN PIERCE: AFRICANS GENERALLY WERE
- 00:16:27.041 --> 00:16:27.608
- AFRICANS GENERALLY WERE BROUGHT TO THE AMERICAS AS
- 00:16:27.608 --> 00:16:28.643
- BROUGHT TO THE AMERICAS AS A FORM OF LABOR.
- 00:16:28.643 --> 00:16:30.478
- A FORM OF LABOR. EUROPEANS WERE LEFT WITH A
- 00:16:30.478 --> 00:16:31.712
- EUROPEANS WERE LEFT WITH A LABOR PROBLEM ESSENTIALLY.
- 00:16:31.712 --> 00:16:33.314
- LABOR PROBLEM ESSENTIALLY. THEY NEEDED PEOPLE TO WORK
- 00:16:33.314 --> 00:16:34.148
- THEY NEEDED PEOPLE TO WORK THE FARMS.
- 00:16:34.148 --> 00:16:35.349
- THE FARMS. THE MOST READILY AVAILABLE
- 00:16:35.349 --> 00:16:39.520
- THE MOST READILY AVAILABLE FORM OF LABOR WAS AFRICANS.
- 00:16:39.520 --> 00:16:40.521
- FORM OF LABOR WAS AFRICANS. THE MIDDLE PASSAGE WAS AN
- 00:16:40.521 --> 00:16:42.223
- THE MIDDLE PASSAGE WAS AN EXCRUCIATING EXPERIENCE.
- 00:16:42.223 --> 00:16:45.359
- EXCRUCIATING EXPERIENCE. HISTORIANS OF AFRICA
- 00:16:45.359 --> 00:16:46.661
- HISTORIANS OF AFRICA ESSENTIALLY CALL IT A FORM
- 00:16:46.661 --> 00:16:47.895
- ESSENTIALLY CALL IT A FORM OF SOCIAL DEATH.
- 00:16:47.895 --> 00:16:49.330
- OF SOCIAL DEATH. - DENNIS: THE CRUEL
- 00:16:49.330 --> 00:16:50.665
- - DENNIS: THE CRUEL CONDITIONS ON THESE SLAVE
- 00:16:50.665 --> 00:16:52.133
- CONDITIONS ON THESE SLAVE SHIPS WOULD SEEM LIKE HELL
- 00:16:52.133 --> 00:16:54.202
- SHIPS WOULD SEEM LIKE HELL THOUGH A GREATER HELL
- 00:16:54.202 --> 00:16:56.804
- THOUGH A GREATER HELL WAITED THEM ONSHORE.
- 00:16:56.804 --> 00:16:57.772
- WAITED THEM ONSHORE. - SARAH FARMER: SO IF YOU
- 00:16:57.772 --> 00:16:58.439
- - SARAH FARMER: SO IF YOU CAN JUST IMAGINE, FOR
- 00:16:58.439 --> 00:16:59.941
- CAN JUST IMAGINE, FOR WEEKS AND WEEKS AND WEEKS,
- 00:16:59.941 --> 00:17:02.710
- WEEKS AND WEEKS AND WEEKS, YOU HAVE PEOPLE, HUMAN BEINGS,
- 00:17:02.710 --> 00:17:04.178
- YOU HAVE PEOPLE, HUMAN BEINGS, WHO ARE PILED ON TOP OF
- 00:17:04.178 --> 00:17:05.113
- WHO ARE PILED ON TOP OF EACH OTHER.
- 00:17:05.113 --> 00:17:06.414
- EACH OTHER. THEY HAD NOWHERE TO GO,
- 00:17:06.414 --> 00:17:07.782
- THEY HAD NOWHERE TO GO, VOMITING.
- 00:17:07.782 --> 00:17:09.817
- VOMITING. YOU KNOW, YOU'RE GOING TO
- 00:17:09.817 --> 00:17:10.551
- YOU KNOW, YOU'RE GOING TO A PLACE.
- 00:17:10.551 --> 00:17:11.052
- A PLACE. YOU HAVE NO IDEA WHERE
- 00:17:11.052 --> 00:17:11.752
- YOU HAVE NO IDEA WHERE YOU'RE GOING.
- 00:17:11.752 --> 00:17:12.954
- YOU'RE GOING. PREGNANT WOMEN HAVING TO
- 00:17:12.954 --> 00:17:13.821
- PREGNANT WOMEN HAVING TO GIVE BIRTH.
- 00:17:13.821 --> 00:17:14.755
- GIVE BIRTH. WHEN YOU CAME ON THAT
- 00:17:14.755 --> 00:17:16.290
- WHEN YOU CAME ON THAT BOAT, YOU STOPPED BEING HUMAN.
- 00:17:16.290 --> 00:17:17.091
- BOAT, YOU STOPPED BEING HUMAN. YOU STARTED BEIN' PROPERTY.
- 00:17:17.091 --> 00:17:18.159
- YOU STARTED BEIN' PROPERTY. - STEPHEN: MORTALITY
- 00:17:18.159 --> 00:17:19.694
- - STEPHEN: MORTALITY RATES, THEY'RE INCREDIBLY HIGH.
- 00:17:19.694 --> 00:17:20.428
- RATES, THEY'RE INCREDIBLY HIGH. MY RECOLLECTION IS THAT
- 00:17:20.428 --> 00:17:22.897
- MY RECOLLECTION IS THAT SOMETHING LIKE 30%, MAYBE
- 00:17:22.897 --> 00:17:23.831
- SOMETHING LIKE 30%, MAYBE EVEN HIGHER THAN THAT,
- 00:17:23.831 --> 00:17:25.066
- EVEN HIGHER THAN THAT, 30 TO 40% MORTALITY RATE,
- 00:17:25.066 --> 00:17:26.934
- 30 TO 40% MORTALITY RATE, AND THAT WAS AN ACCEPTABLE
- 00:17:26.934 --> 00:17:27.969
- AND THAT WAS AN ACCEPTABLE MORTALITY RATE.
- 00:17:27.969 --> 00:17:28.836
- MORTALITY RATE. SHIP CAPTAINS KNEW THEY
- 00:17:28.836 --> 00:17:29.837
- SHIP CAPTAINS KNEW THEY WERE GOING TO EXPERIENCE
- 00:17:29.837 --> 00:17:31.139
- WERE GOING TO EXPERIENCE THAT KIND OF MORTALITY,
- 00:17:31.139 --> 00:17:32.173
- THAT KIND OF MORTALITY, SO IT WAS THE COST OF
- 00:17:32.173 --> 00:17:35.610
- SO IT WAS THE COST OF DOING BUSINESS.
- 00:17:35.610 --> 00:17:37.445
- DOING BUSINESS. [MUSIC]
- 00:17:37.445 --> 00:17:38.212
- [MUSIC] - MALE: ONE OF THE REALLY
- 00:17:38.212 --> 00:17:39.280
- - MALE: ONE OF THE REALLY IMPORTANT ELEMENTS IN THE
- 00:17:39.280 --> 00:17:40.781
- IMPORTANT ELEMENTS IN THE WHOLE HISTORY OF
- 00:17:40.781 --> 00:17:41.349
- WHOLE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN
- 00:17:41.349 --> 00:17:42.717
- CHRISTIANITY IN NORTH AMERICA IS HOW
- 00:17:42.717 --> 00:17:43.985
- NORTH AMERICA IS HOW THE CHRISTIAN FAITH TOOK
- 00:17:43.985 --> 00:17:45.052
- THE CHRISTIAN FAITH TOOK ROOT AMONGST GROUPS THAT
- 00:17:45.052 --> 00:17:46.053
- ROOT AMONGST GROUPS THAT THE CHRISTIANS FROM EUROPE
- 00:17:46.053 --> 00:17:47.522
- THE CHRISTIANS FROM EUROPE SYSTEMATICALLY OPPRESSED.
- 00:17:47.522 --> 00:17:49.290
- SYSTEMATICALLY OPPRESSED. - DENNIS: BUT GROSS
- 00:17:49.290 --> 00:17:50.725
- - DENNIS: BUT GROSS MISTREATMENT IN THE NEW
- 00:17:50.725 --> 00:17:53.261
- MISTREATMENT IN THE NEW WORLD WAS NOT CONFINED TO
- 00:17:53.261 --> 00:17:55.229
- WORLD WAS NOT CONFINED TO SLAVES AND NATIVE PEOPLES.
- 00:17:55.229 --> 00:17:56.497
- SLAVES AND NATIVE PEOPLES. IN FACT, FOR THOSE WHO
- 00:17:56.497 --> 00:17:58.466
- IN FACT, FOR THOSE WHO DIDN'T WORSHIP IN
- 00:17:58.466 --> 00:17:59.467
- DIDN'T WORSHIP IN PURITAN-APPROVED WAYS,
- 00:17:59.467 --> 00:18:00.935
- PURITAN-APPROVED WAYS, THERE WERE BEATINGS,
- 00:18:00.935 --> 00:18:02.503
- THERE WERE BEATINGS, BANISHMENT, PERSECUTION,
- 00:18:02.503 --> 00:18:05.940
- BANISHMENT, PERSECUTION, AND DEATH.
- 00:18:05.940 --> 00:18:07.441
- AND DEATH. - JERRY PATTENGALE: THE
- 00:18:07.441 --> 00:18:09.076
- - JERRY PATTENGALE: THE IRONY IS YOU HAVE PURITANS
- 00:18:09.076 --> 00:18:09.944
- IRONY IS YOU HAVE PURITANS WANTING TO SETTLE IN A
- 00:18:09.944 --> 00:18:11.679
- WANTING TO SETTLE IN A LAND BECAUSE THEY CAN'T
- 00:18:11.679 --> 00:18:12.713
- LAND BECAUSE THEY CAN'T LIVE OUT THEIR FAITH
- 00:18:12.713 --> 00:18:14.115
- LIVE OUT THEIR FAITH ACROSS THE ATLANTIC,
- 00:18:14.115 --> 00:18:15.283
- ACROSS THE ATLANTIC, AND THEY COME,
- 00:18:15.283 --> 00:18:16.184
- AND THEY COME, AND THEY'RE OPPRESSIVE.
- 00:18:16.184 --> 00:18:17.251
- AND THEY'RE OPPRESSIVE. - MARK: I THINK IT WAS
- 00:18:17.251 --> 00:18:17.852
- - MARK: I THINK IT WAS H.L. MENCKEN, WHO ONE TIME
- 00:18:17.852 --> 00:18:18.753
- H.L. MENCKEN, WHO ONE TIME SAID,
- 00:18:18.753 --> 00:18:19.787
- SAID, "A PURITAN CAN BE DEFINED
- 00:18:19.787 --> 00:18:21.155
- "A PURITAN CAN BE DEFINED AS SOMEONE WHO'S DESPERATELY
- 00:18:21.155 --> 00:18:24.258
- AS SOMEONE WHO'S DESPERATELY WORRIED THAT SOMEBODY
- 00:18:24.258 --> 00:18:25.726
- WORRIED THAT SOMEBODY ELSE SOMEWHERE MIGHT BE HAPPY."
- 00:18:25.726 --> 00:18:26.360
- ELSE SOMEWHERE MIGHT BE HAPPY." THE PURITANS,
- 00:18:26.360 --> 00:18:27.061
- THE PURITANS, ONCE THEY WERE IN
- 00:18:27.061 --> 00:18:28.062
- ONCE THEY WERE IN PLACE AND IN CHARGE IN
- 00:18:28.062 --> 00:18:29.297
- PLACE AND IN CHARGE IN MASSACHUSETTS, KNEW WHERE
- 00:18:29.297 --> 00:18:30.464
- MASSACHUSETTS, KNEW WHERE THEY WANTED TO GO, AND IF
- 00:18:30.464 --> 00:18:31.766
- THEY WANTED TO GO, AND IF YOU DIDN'T AGREE, YOU
- 00:18:31.766 --> 00:18:32.366
- YOU DIDN'T AGREE, YOU COULD BE EXILED.
- 00:18:32.366 --> 00:18:33.768
- COULD BE EXILED. THE MASSACHUSETTS
- 00:18:33.768 --> 00:18:34.602
- THE MASSACHUSETTS AUTHORITY ACTUALLY HUNG
- 00:18:34.602 --> 00:18:36.771
- AUTHORITY ACTUALLY HUNG FOUR QUAKERS IN BOSTON
- 00:18:36.771 --> 00:18:37.838
- FOUR QUAKERS IN BOSTON COMMON BECAUSE THEY WOULD
- 00:18:37.838 --> 00:18:38.973
- COMMON BECAUSE THEY WOULD NOT CONFORM TO THE PURITAN
- 00:18:38.973 --> 00:18:41.209
- NOT CONFORM TO THE PURITAN WAY OF LIFE.
- 00:18:41.209 --> 00:18:46.214
- WAY OF LIFE. [MUSIC]
- 00:18:46.214 --> 00:18:47.381
- [MUSIC] - WILFRED: ROGER WILLIAMS
- 00:18:47.381 --> 00:18:47.915
- - WILFRED: ROGER WILLIAMS IS SOMEBODY WHO ABSOLUTELY
- 00:18:47.915 --> 00:18:49.050
- IS SOMEBODY WHO ABSOLUTELY INSISTED ON THE SEPARATION
- 00:18:49.050 --> 00:18:50.585
- INSISTED ON THE SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
- 00:18:50.585 --> 00:18:51.852
- OF CHURCH AND STATE ALTHOUGH HE DIDN'T DO IT
- 00:18:51.852 --> 00:18:53.554
- ALTHOUGH HE DIDN'T DO IT FOR THE REASONS THAT,
- 00:18:53.554 --> 00:18:54.589
- FOR THE REASONS THAT, LET'S SAY, OF THE AMERICAN
- 00:18:54.589 --> 00:18:55.723
- LET'S SAY, OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION.
- 00:18:55.723 --> 00:18:57.425
- CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION. THEY'RE AFRAID OF A
- 00:18:57.425 --> 00:18:58.192
- THEY'RE AFRAID OF A RELIGION CONTAMINATING
- 00:18:58.192 --> 00:19:00.795
- RELIGION CONTAMINATING POLITICS.
- 00:19:00.795 --> 00:19:01.896
- POLITICS. ROGER WILLIAMS WAS AFRAID
- 00:19:01.896 --> 00:19:03.598
- ROGER WILLIAMS WAS AFRAID THE OTHER WAY--POLITICS
- 00:19:03.598 --> 00:19:05.833
- THE OTHER WAY--POLITICS CONTAMINATING RELIGION.
- 00:19:05.833 --> 00:19:06.400
- CONTAMINATING RELIGION. AND POLITICS, BECAUSE
- 00:19:06.400 --> 00:19:07.335
- AND POLITICS, BECAUSE POLITICS, ULTIMATELY,
- 00:19:07.335 --> 00:19:08.502
- POLITICS, ULTIMATELY, POLITICAL AUTHORITY IS
- 00:19:08.502 --> 00:19:09.470
- POLITICAL AUTHORITY IS POWER TO COERCE.
- 00:19:09.470 --> 00:19:13.975
- POWER TO COERCE. WHEN YOU USE COERCION TO
- 00:19:13.975 --> 00:19:14.976
- WHEN YOU USE COERCION TO EXTRACT RELIGIOUS
- 00:19:14.976 --> 00:19:16.344
- EXTRACT RELIGIOUS OBEDIENCE, YOU VIOLATED
- 00:19:16.344 --> 00:19:18.446
- OBEDIENCE, YOU VIOLATED THE SPIRIT OF RELIGION.
- 00:19:18.446 --> 00:19:20.014
- THE SPIRIT OF RELIGION. [MUSIC]
- 00:19:20.014 --> 00:19:20.748
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: BANISHED FROM
- 00:19:20.748 --> 00:19:21.382
- - DENNIS: BANISHED FROM MASSACHUSETTS FOR HIS
- 00:19:21.382 --> 00:19:22.750
- MASSACHUSETTS FOR HIS BELIEFS, ROGER WILLIAMS
- 00:19:22.750 --> 00:19:24.385
- BELIEFS, ROGER WILLIAMS ESTABLISHED THE SETTLEMENT
- 00:19:24.385 --> 00:19:25.720
- ESTABLISHED THE SETTLEMENT IN WHAT WOULD BECOME
- 00:19:25.720 --> 00:19:26.821
- IN WHAT WOULD BECOME RHODE ISLAND WITH THE HELP
- 00:19:26.821 --> 00:19:28.789
- RHODE ISLAND WITH THE HELP OF THE NARRAGANSETT TRIBE.
- 00:19:28.789 --> 00:19:30.524
- OF THE NARRAGANSETT TRIBE. IT WAS A SAFE HAVEN FOR
- 00:19:30.524 --> 00:19:30.992
- IT WAS A SAFE HAVEN FOR THOSE WITH UNORTHODOX
- 00:19:30.992 --> 00:19:34.161
- THOSE WITH UNORTHODOX BELIEFS.
- 00:19:34.161 --> 00:19:35.963
- BELIEFS. THE PURITANS CALLED IT A
- 00:19:35.963 --> 00:19:36.664
- THE PURITANS CALLED IT A MORAL SEWER.
- 00:19:36.664 --> 00:19:37.298
- MORAL SEWER. - GREGG QUIGGLE: THE
- 00:19:37.298 --> 00:19:38.232
- - GREGG QUIGGLE: THE AMERICAN IDEAL OF FREEDOM
- 00:19:38.232 --> 00:19:40.134
- AMERICAN IDEAL OF FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND,
- 00:19:40.134 --> 00:19:45.206
- OF CONSCIENCE AND, THEREFORE, NO STATE CHURCH
- 00:19:45.206 --> 00:19:46.207
- THEREFORE, NO STATE CHURCH IS DRAMATICALLY DIFFERENT.
- 00:19:46.207 --> 00:19:48.743
- IS DRAMATICALLY DIFFERENT. IT'S REVOLUTIONARY.
- 00:19:48.743 --> 00:19:50.444
- IT'S REVOLUTIONARY. THEY'RE GOING TO OPEN THE
- 00:19:50.444 --> 00:19:52.246
- THEY'RE GOING TO OPEN THE DOOR TO PEOPLE DEVELOPING
- 00:19:52.246 --> 00:19:54.181
- DOOR TO PEOPLE DEVELOPING THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS OF
- 00:19:54.181 --> 00:19:56.717
- THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS OF RELIGION.
- 00:19:56.717 --> 00:19:57.285
- RELIGION. YOU COULD ARGUE THAT, TO
- 00:19:57.285 --> 00:19:57.985
- YOU COULD ARGUE THAT, TO SOME EXTENT, THIS WAS
- 00:19:57.985 --> 00:20:00.688
- SOME EXTENT, THIS WAS FORESHADOWED BY ANNE
- 00:20:00.688 --> 00:20:01.289
- FORESHADOWED BY ANNE HUTCHINSON, WHO CLAIMED
- 00:20:01.289 --> 00:20:03.190
- HUTCHINSON, WHO CLAIMED SHE HAD REVELATION FROM
- 00:20:03.190 --> 00:20:04.425
- SHE HAD REVELATION FROM GOD, AND SHE WAS BOUND BY
- 00:20:04.425 --> 00:20:07.995
- GOD, AND SHE WAS BOUND BY HER OWN CONSCIENCE:
- 00:20:07.995 --> 00:20:11.532
- HER OWN CONSCIENCE: "I MUST OBEY GOD RATHER
- 00:20:11.532 --> 00:20:12.333
- "I MUST OBEY GOD RATHER THAN MEN,"
- 00:20:12.333 --> 00:20:12.900
- THAN MEN," TO QUOTE THE SCRIPTURES,
- 00:20:12.900 --> 00:20:14.235
- TO QUOTE THE SCRIPTURES, AND SO SHE EXERCISES
- 00:20:14.235 --> 00:20:15.836
- AND SO SHE EXERCISES HER CONSCIENCE IN A
- 00:20:15.836 --> 00:20:17.405
- HER CONSCIENCE IN A WAY THAT'S GOING TO
- 00:20:17.405 --> 00:20:18.506
- WAY THAT'S GOING TO FORESHADOW WHAT HAPPENS IN
- 00:20:18.506 --> 00:20:19.640
- FORESHADOW WHAT HAPPENS IN AMERICA.
- 00:20:19.640 --> 00:20:23.177
- AMERICA. - MALE: ANNE HUTCHINSON
- 00:20:23.177 --> 00:20:24.345
- - MALE: ANNE HUTCHINSON WAS A MAVERICK, IF THERE
- 00:20:24.345 --> 00:20:25.613
- WAS A MAVERICK, IF THERE EVER WAS ONE IN COLONIAL
- 00:20:25.613 --> 00:20:26.447
- EVER WAS ONE IN COLONIAL MASSACHUSETTS, OF A VERY
- 00:20:26.447 --> 00:20:28.149
- MASSACHUSETTS, OF A VERY UNUSUAL KIND.
- 00:20:28.149 --> 00:20:29.950
- UNUSUAL KIND. - THOMAS: AND WHAT
- 00:20:29.950 --> 00:20:30.451
- - THOMAS: AND WHAT DOES SHE DO IN
- 00:20:30.451 --> 00:20:31.218
- DOES SHE DO IN MASSACHUSETTS BAY?
- 00:20:31.218 --> 00:20:31.952
- MASSACHUSETTS BAY? ANNE HUTCHINSON STARTS
- 00:20:31.952 --> 00:20:33.754
- ANNE HUTCHINSON STARTS READING THE BIBLE,
- 00:20:33.754 --> 00:20:34.755
- READING THE BIBLE, NOT ONLY JUST READING THE
- 00:20:34.755 --> 00:20:35.990
- NOT ONLY JUST READING THE BIBLE, BUT SHE'S LISTENING
- 00:20:35.990 --> 00:20:37.725
- BIBLE, BUT SHE'S LISTENING TO THE SERMONS THAT SHE
- 00:20:37.725 --> 00:20:38.726
- TO THE SERMONS THAT SHE HEARS PREACHED, AND SHE IS
- 00:20:38.726 --> 00:20:40.561
- HEARS PREACHED, AND SHE IS CHECKING THE SERMONS AND
- 00:20:40.561 --> 00:20:42.930
- CHECKING THE SERMONS AND COMING TO CONCLUSIONS THAT
- 00:20:42.930 --> 00:20:45.633
- COMING TO CONCLUSIONS THAT THE ALIGNMENT IS NOT THERE
- 00:20:45.633 --> 00:20:48.436
- THE ALIGNMENT IS NOT THERE AND IN HER COED BIBLE
- 00:20:48.436 --> 00:20:49.870
- AND IN HER COED BIBLE STUDIES BEGINS TO EXPRESS
- 00:20:49.870 --> 00:20:54.108
- STUDIES BEGINS TO EXPRESS THOSE POINTS OF VIEW.
- 00:20:54.108 --> 00:20:54.709
- THOSE POINTS OF VIEW. THAT'S WHAT'S GONNA GET
- 00:20:54.709 --> 00:20:55.376
- THAT'S WHAT'S GONNA GET HER IN TROUBLE WITH
- 00:20:55.376 --> 00:20:57.178
- HER IN TROUBLE WITH AUTHORITIES IN
- 00:20:57.178 --> 00:20:59.747
- AUTHORITIES IN MASSACHUSETTS BAY.
- 00:20:59.747 --> 00:21:00.781
- MASSACHUSETTS BAY. - JERRY: SO ANNE WAS
- 00:21:00.781 --> 00:21:01.315
- - JERRY: SO ANNE WAS SPEAKING AT A TIME WHERE
- 00:21:01.315 --> 00:21:01.882
- SPEAKING AT A TIME WHERE THERE WERE REAL
- 00:21:01.882 --> 00:21:02.516
- THERE WERE REAL RESTRICTIONS ON WHAT YOU
- 00:21:02.516 --> 00:21:03.150
- RESTRICTIONS ON WHAT YOU COULD ACTUALLY TEACH AND
- 00:21:03.150 --> 00:21:04.051
- COULD ACTUALLY TEACH AND WHEN HERESY WAS STILL
- 00:21:04.051 --> 00:21:05.886
- WHEN HERESY WAS STILL TAKEN PRETTY SERIOUSLY.
- 00:21:05.886 --> 00:21:07.955
- TAKEN PRETTY SERIOUSLY. AND SO IF YOU WERE
- 00:21:07.955 --> 00:21:08.856
- AND SO IF YOU WERE CONSIDERED A HERETIC,
- 00:21:08.856 --> 00:21:09.757
- CONSIDERED A HERETIC, WHETHER YOU WERE OR NOT,
- 00:21:09.757 --> 00:21:11.492
- WHETHER YOU WERE OR NOT, YOU WERE BANNED.
- 00:21:11.492 --> 00:21:12.426
- YOU WERE BANNED. YOU WERE OFTEN BANNED.
- 00:21:12.426 --> 00:21:14.095
- YOU WERE OFTEN BANNED. AND SHE FOUND HERSELF
- 00:21:14.095 --> 00:21:16.764
- AND SHE FOUND HERSELF TEACHING REALLY ABOUT
- 00:21:16.764 --> 00:21:18.265
- TEACHING REALLY ABOUT GRACE INSTEAD OF WORKS,
- 00:21:18.265 --> 00:21:19.633
- GRACE INSTEAD OF WORKS, AND SHE WOULD CONFRONT THE
- 00:21:19.633 --> 00:21:21.035
- AND SHE WOULD CONFRONT THE MINISTERS ABOUT THEIR
- 00:21:21.035 --> 00:21:22.136
- MINISTERS ABOUT THEIR TEACHINGS, AND SHE WAS A
- 00:21:22.136 --> 00:21:23.137
- TEACHINGS, AND SHE WAS A STRONG ENOUGH TEACHER TO
- 00:21:23.137 --> 00:21:24.739
- STRONG ENOUGH TEACHER TO DO THAT.
- 00:21:24.739 --> 00:21:26.040
- DO THAT. - DENNIS: ANNE HUTCHINSON
- 00:21:26.040 --> 00:21:27.675
- - DENNIS: ANNE HUTCHINSON HAD CROSSED A LINE.
- 00:21:27.675 --> 00:21:29.443
- HAD CROSSED A LINE. - CHRISTY: THEN SHE WAS
- 00:21:29.443 --> 00:21:30.077
- - CHRISTY: THEN SHE WAS TRIED FOR HERESY, EARLY
- 00:21:30.077 --> 00:21:33.280
- TRIED FOR HERESY, EARLY MARCH 1638.
- 00:21:33.280 --> 00:21:34.048
- MARCH 1638. THAT WAS THE
- 00:21:34.048 --> 00:21:34.782
- THAT WAS THE EXCOMMUNICATION TRIAL FOR
- 00:21:34.782 --> 00:21:35.950
- EXCOMMUNICATION TRIAL FOR HER CHURCH MEMBERSHIP.
- 00:21:35.950 --> 00:21:37.685
- HER CHURCH MEMBERSHIP. SHE LOST THAT BASED ON
- 00:21:37.685 --> 00:21:39.553
- SHE LOST THAT BASED ON SOMETHING THAT SHE SAID,
- 00:21:39.553 --> 00:21:40.421
- SOMETHING THAT SHE SAID, WHICH WAS "I'VE HAD A
- 00:21:40.421 --> 00:21:43.424
- WHICH WAS "I'VE HAD A REVELATION, AND I SEE THAT
- 00:21:43.424 --> 00:21:44.191
- REVELATION, AND I SEE THAT YOU'RE GOING DOWN."
- 00:21:44.191 --> 00:21:45.292
- YOU'RE GOING DOWN." SHE HAD THIS REVELATION
- 00:21:45.292 --> 00:21:46.961
- SHE HAD THIS REVELATION THAT GOD WOULD DESTROY
- 00:21:46.961 --> 00:21:48.562
- THAT GOD WOULD DESTROY EVERYTHING THAT THE
- 00:21:48.562 --> 00:21:51.632
- EVERYTHING THAT THE PURITAN THEOCRACY HAD
- 00:21:51.632 --> 00:21:53.167
- PURITAN THEOCRACY HAD BUILT UP TO THIS TIME.
- 00:21:53.167 --> 00:21:54.568
- BUILT UP TO THIS TIME. - ANNE HUTCHINSON: YOU
- 00:21:54.568 --> 00:21:56.237
- - ANNE HUTCHINSON: YOU HAVE NO POWER OVER MY
- 00:21:56.237 --> 00:21:57.304
- HAVE NO POWER OVER MY BODY, NEITHER CAN YOU DO
- 00:21:57.304 --> 00:21:59.507
- BODY, NEITHER CAN YOU DO ME ANY HARM, FOR I AM IN
- 00:21:59.507 --> 00:22:01.342
- ME ANY HARM, FOR I AM IN THE HANDS OF THE ETERNAL
- 00:22:01.342 --> 00:22:03.878
- THE HANDS OF THE ETERNAL JEHOVAH, MY SAVIOR,
- 00:22:03.878 --> 00:22:08.048
- JEHOVAH, MY SAVIOR, WHICH HATH FORETOLD ME OF
- 00:22:08.048 --> 00:22:09.183
- WHICH HATH FORETOLD ME OF THESE THINGS, AND I DO BELIEVE
- 00:22:09.183 --> 00:22:10.151
- THESE THINGS, AND I DO BELIEVE THAT HE WILL DELIVER ME
- 00:22:10.151 --> 00:22:11.886
- THAT HE WILL DELIVER ME OUT OF YOUR HANDS.
- 00:22:11.886 --> 00:22:14.121
- OUT OF YOUR HANDS. TAKE HEED HOW YOU PROCEED
- 00:22:14.121 --> 00:22:16.657
- TAKE HEED HOW YOU PROCEED AGAINST ME, FOR I KNOW
- 00:22:16.657 --> 00:22:17.858
- AGAINST ME, FOR I KNOW WHAT YOU GO ABOUT TO
- 00:22:17.858 --> 00:22:19.226
- WHAT YOU GO ABOUT TO DO TO ME.
- 00:22:19.226 --> 00:22:23.097
- DO TO ME. GOD WILL RUIN YOU AND YOUR
- 00:22:23.097 --> 00:22:23.998
- GOD WILL RUIN YOU AND YOUR POSTERITY AND THIS
- 00:22:23.998 --> 00:22:25.833
- POSTERITY AND THIS WHOLE STATE.
- 00:22:25.833 --> 00:22:26.467
- WHOLE STATE. - CHRISTY: THEY CONVICTED
- 00:22:26.467 --> 00:22:27.268
- - CHRISTY: THEY CONVICTED HER OF HERESY AND
- 00:22:27.268 --> 00:22:30.070
- HER OF HERESY AND EXCOMMUNICATED HER.
- 00:22:30.070 --> 00:22:31.472
- EXCOMMUNICATED HER. AT THE END OF THAT TRIAL,
- 00:22:31.472 --> 00:22:32.473
- AT THE END OF THAT TRIAL, YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT ANNE
- 00:22:32.473 --> 00:22:34.375
- YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT ANNE WALKED OUT OF THERE
- 00:22:34.375 --> 00:22:35.976
- WALKED OUT OF THERE DEVASTATED.
- 00:22:35.976 --> 00:22:36.877
- DEVASTATED. YOU CAN IMAGINE STILL WHAT
- 00:22:36.877 --> 00:22:39.914
- YOU CAN IMAGINE STILL WHAT IT FELT LIKE TO HAVE ALL
- 00:22:39.914 --> 00:22:42.216
- IT FELT LIKE TO HAVE ALL OF THOSE THINGS STRIPPED
- 00:22:42.216 --> 00:22:45.820
- OF THOSE THINGS STRIPPED AWAY AND TOLD, "WE GIVE
- 00:22:45.820 --> 00:22:47.788
- AWAY AND TOLD, "WE GIVE YOU OVER TO THE SATAN.
- 00:22:47.788 --> 00:22:53.060
- YOU OVER TO THE SATAN. [MUSIC]
- 00:22:53.060 --> 00:22:53.627
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: ANNE WOULD PAY
- 00:22:53.627 --> 00:22:54.829
- - DENNIS: ANNE WOULD PAY THE ULTIMATE PRICE FOR HER
- 00:22:54.829 --> 00:22:57.531
- THE ULTIMATE PRICE FOR HER BOLD MAVERICK SPIRIT.
- 00:22:57.531 --> 00:22:59.266
- BOLD MAVERICK SPIRIT. FORCED INTO EXILE, SHE AND
- 00:22:59.266 --> 00:23:00.234
- FORCED INTO EXILE, SHE AND HER FAMILY WOULD CARVE OUT
- 00:23:00.234 --> 00:23:02.269
- HER FAMILY WOULD CARVE OUT A NEW HOMESTEAD IN THE
- 00:23:02.269 --> 00:23:05.606
- A NEW HOMESTEAD IN THE DUTCH COLONY OF NEW YORK.
- 00:23:05.606 --> 00:23:06.106
- DUTCH COLONY OF NEW YORK. - CHRISTY: ON THE LAST
- 00:23:06.106 --> 00:23:08.209
- - CHRISTY: ON THE LAST DAY, SOMETIME IN AUGUST
- 00:23:08.209 --> 00:23:10.211
- DAY, SOMETIME IN AUGUST 1643, THE NATIVE AMERICANS
- 00:23:10.211 --> 00:23:12.246
- 1643, THE NATIVE AMERICANS CAME TO THEIR VILLAGE.
- 00:23:12.246 --> 00:23:13.647
- CAME TO THEIR VILLAGE. - JERRY: AND A CHIEF FROM
- 00:23:13.647 --> 00:23:15.149
- - JERRY: AND A CHIEF FROM THE SIWANOY, WAMPAGE,
- 00:23:15.149 --> 00:23:16.450
- THE SIWANOY, WAMPAGE, CAME IN.
- 00:23:16.450 --> 00:23:17.551
- CAME IN. HE ASKED HER TO TIE UP HER
- 00:23:17.551 --> 00:23:18.486
- HE ASKED HER TO TIE UP HER DOGS, AND SHE TIED UP HER
- 00:23:18.486 --> 00:23:19.386
- DOGS, AND SHE TIED UP HER DOGS, AND THEN THEY
- 00:23:19.386 --> 00:23:24.458
- DOGS, AND THEN THEY SCALPED THEM.
- 00:23:24.458 --> 00:23:26.093
- SCALPED THEM. - CHRISTY: THEY SCALPED
- 00:23:26.093 --> 00:23:27.027
- - CHRISTY: THEY SCALPED THEM, KILLED THEM.
- 00:23:27.027 --> 00:23:28.529
- THEM, KILLED THEM. THEY PUT THE BODIES IN THE
- 00:23:28.529 --> 00:23:30.498
- THEY PUT THE BODIES IN THE HOUSE AND BURNED THEM.
- 00:23:30.498 --> 00:23:31.832
- HOUSE AND BURNED THEM. AFTER ANNE'S DEATH, THE
- 00:23:31.832 --> 00:23:34.335
- AFTER ANNE'S DEATH, THE THEOCRACY BACK IN THE REST
- 00:23:34.335 --> 00:23:34.835
- THEOCRACY BACK IN THE REST OF NEW ENGLAND WAS
- 00:23:34.835 --> 00:23:38.305
- OF NEW ENGLAND WAS EXTREMELY EXCITED AND
- 00:23:38.305 --> 00:23:39.240
- EXTREMELY EXCITED AND THRILLED THAT SHE WAS
- 00:23:39.240 --> 00:23:40.307
- THRILLED THAT SHE WAS DEAD.
- 00:23:40.307 --> 00:23:41.008
- DEAD. "DING-DONG, THE WITCH
- 00:23:41.008 --> 00:23:43.110
- "DING-DONG, THE WITCH IS DEAD.
- 00:23:43.110 --> 00:23:44.612
- IS DEAD. THE HERETIC IS GONE."
- 00:23:44.612 --> 00:23:47.481
- THE HERETIC IS GONE." [MUSIC]
- 00:23:47.481 --> 00:23:48.115
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: FROM THESE
- 00:23:48.115 --> 00:23:49.283
- - DENNIS: FROM THESE ASHES AROSE A NEW LIFE AND
- 00:23:49.283 --> 00:23:50.217
- ASHES AROSE A NEW LIFE AND TRUE RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.
- 00:23:50.217 --> 00:23:51.252
- TRUE RELIGIOUS FREEDOM. SOON THE SETTLERS COULD
- 00:23:51.252 --> 00:23:53.387
- SOON THE SETTLERS COULD BEGIN TO WORSHIP IN A WAY
- 00:23:53.387 --> 00:23:54.688
- BEGIN TO WORSHIP IN A WAY THAT WAS AUTHENTIC AND
- 00:23:54.688 --> 00:23:57.358
- THAT WAS AUTHENTIC AND UNIQUELY THEIR OWN.
- 00:23:57.358 --> 00:23:58.959
- UNIQUELY THEIR OWN. THIS WAS REVOLUTIONARY,
- 00:23:58.959 --> 00:24:01.896
- THIS WAS REVOLUTIONARY, AND WE HAVE ANNE HUTCHINSON
- 00:24:01.896 --> 00:24:03.364
- AND WE HAVE ANNE HUTCHINSON AND ROGER WILLIAMS
- 00:24:03.364 --> 00:24:04.198
- AND ROGER WILLIAMS TO THANK, THEIR SACRIFICES
- 00:24:04.198 --> 00:24:05.599
- TO THANK, THEIR SACRIFICES LAID THE FOUNDATION
- 00:24:05.599 --> 00:24:06.834
- LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR A GREAT AMERICAN
- 00:24:06.834 --> 00:24:10.938
- FOR A GREAT AMERICAN REVIVAL JUST ON THE HORIZON.
- 00:24:10.938 --> 00:24:13.207
- REVIVAL JUST ON THE HORIZON. [WIND BLOWING]
- 00:24:13.207 --> 00:24:14.275
- [WIND BLOWING] - MALE: WHAT HAPPENED WAS
- 00:24:14.275 --> 00:24:16.076
- - MALE: WHAT HAPPENED WAS WE HAD, SORT OF,
- 00:24:16.076 --> 00:24:17.211
- WE HAD, SORT OF, INCRUSTATION, OR RELIGION
- 00:24:17.211 --> 00:24:18.812
- INCRUSTATION, OR RELIGION BECAME STALE.
- 00:24:18.812 --> 00:24:19.346
- BECAME STALE. - THOMAS: WHY THE
- 00:24:19.346 --> 00:24:20.614
- THERE'S A RESTLESSNESS,
- 00:24:23.684 --> 00:24:24.785
- THERE'S A RESTLESSNESS, OR MAYBE EVEN OFTENTIMES
- 00:24:24.785 --> 00:24:25.686
- OR MAYBE EVEN OFTENTIMES THERE'S THIS SENSE THAT,
- 00:24:25.686 --> 00:24:26.687
- THERE'S THIS SENSE THAT, AS A CULTURE, WE'VE BEGUN
- 00:24:26.687 --> 00:24:28.689
- AS A CULTURE, WE'VE BEGUN TO DRIFT, AND THEN THINGS
- 00:24:28.689 --> 00:24:32.059
- CROPS DON'T COME IN QUITE
- 00:24:33.661 --> 00:24:34.595
- CROPS DON'T COME IN QUITE AS THEY DID BEFORE.
- 00:24:34.595 --> 00:24:36.363
- AS THEY DID BEFORE. THERE ARE INDIAN ATTACKS
- 00:24:36.363 --> 00:24:37.197
- THERE ARE INDIAN ATTACKS THAT BECOME MORE FREQUENT.
- 00:24:37.197 --> 00:24:39.033
- THAT BECOME MORE FREQUENT. PEOPLE BEGIN LOOKING
- 00:24:39.033 --> 00:24:40.367
- PEOPLE BEGIN LOOKING AROUND, AND THEY BEGIN
- 00:24:40.367 --> 00:24:42.169
- AROUND, AND THEY BEGIN ASKING, "SO WHY IS IT THAT
- 00:24:42.169 --> 00:24:42.803
- ASKING, "SO WHY IS IT THAT WE'RE EXPERIENCING THESE
- 00:24:42.803 --> 00:24:44.371
- WE'RE EXPERIENCING THESE DIFFICULTIES?
- 00:24:44.371 --> 00:24:45.673
- DIFFICULTIES? IS THERE'S SOMETHING WRONG
- 00:24:45.673 --> 00:24:48.642
- IS THERE'S SOMETHING WRONG IN OUR SOULS?"
- 00:24:48.642 --> 00:24:49.743
- IN OUR SOULS?" - GREGG: AND THERE ARE
- 00:24:49.743 --> 00:24:51.612
- - GREGG: AND THERE ARE CERTAIN CLERGYMEN THAT
- 00:24:51.612 --> 00:24:53.047
- CERTAIN CLERGYMEN THAT BEGIN TO SEE THIS, AND
- 00:24:53.047 --> 00:24:54.648
- BEGIN TO SEE THIS, AND MOST NOTABLY, OF COURSE,
- 00:24:54.648 --> 00:24:56.417
- MOST NOTABLY, OF COURSE, IS GEORGE WHITEFIELD AND
- 00:24:56.417 --> 00:24:57.585
- IS GEORGE WHITEFIELD AND JONATHAN EDWARDS.
- 00:24:57.585 --> 00:24:58.919
- JONATHAN EDWARDS. AND THOSE TWO BEGIN TO
- 00:24:58.919 --> 00:25:01.188
- AND THOSE TWO BEGIN TO DEVELOP A VIEW OF
- 00:25:01.188 --> 00:25:03.757
- DEVELOP A VIEW OF CHRISTIANITY THAT MAKES IT
- 00:25:03.757 --> 00:25:05.726
- CHRISTIANITY THAT MAKES IT MUCH MORE, IN A SENSE,
- 00:25:05.726 --> 00:25:07.928
- MUCH MORE, IN A SENSE, PERSONAL.
- 00:25:07.928 --> 00:25:09.597
- PERSONAL. - MARK: IT'S OFTEN CALLED
- 00:25:09.597 --> 00:25:10.130
- - MARK: IT'S OFTEN CALLED THE FIRST GREAT AWAKENING,
- 00:25:10.130 --> 00:25:10.731
- THE FIRST GREAT AWAKENING, OR THE SERIES OF REVIVALS
- 00:25:10.731 --> 00:25:11.398
- OR THE SERIES OF REVIVALS THAT TOOK PLACE FROM THE
- 00:25:11.398 --> 00:25:12.333
- THAT TOOK PLACE FROM THE MID-1730s FOR THE NEXT TEN
- 00:25:12.333 --> 00:25:13.701
- MID-1730s FOR THE NEXT TEN YEARS OR SO.
- 00:25:13.701 --> 00:25:14.268
- YEARS OR SO. THEY'RE CALLED AN
- 00:25:14.268 --> 00:25:14.768
- THEY'RE CALLED AN AWAKENING BECAUSE THEY
- 00:25:14.768 --> 00:25:16.403
- AWAKENING BECAUSE THEY WERE, IN THE STRICT SENSE
- 00:25:16.403 --> 00:25:17.805
- WERE, IN THE STRICT SENSE OF THE TERM, REVIVALS.
- 00:25:17.805 --> 00:25:18.505
- OF THE TERM, REVIVALS. THEY'RE HAVING IT IN
- 00:25:18.505 --> 00:25:22.343
- THEY'RE HAVING IT IN GEORGIA.
- 00:25:22.343 --> 00:25:23.010
- GEORGIA. THEY'RE HAVING IT IN THE
- 00:25:23.010 --> 00:25:23.611
- THEY'RE HAVING IT IN THE CAROLINAS.
- 00:25:23.611 --> 00:25:24.578
- CAROLINAS. THEY'RE HAVING IT IN THE
- 00:25:24.578 --> 00:25:25.779
- THEY'RE HAVING IT IN THE STREETS OF PHILADELPHIA.
- 00:25:25.779 --> 00:25:26.246
- STREETS OF PHILADELPHIA. THEY'RE HAVING IT IN
- 00:25:26.246 --> 00:25:27.047
- THEY'RE HAVING IT IN NEW YORK.
- 00:25:27.047 --> 00:25:27.948
- NEW YORK. EVERYBODY'S HAVING IT.
- 00:25:27.948 --> 00:25:28.849
- EVERYBODY'S HAVING IT. - WILFRED: THE GREAT
- 00:25:28.849 --> 00:25:30.250
- - WILFRED: THE GREAT AWAKENING WAS AN IMPORTANT
- 00:25:30.250 --> 00:25:31.952
- AWAKENING WAS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT MAKING FOR THE
- 00:25:31.952 --> 00:25:34.655
- ELEMENT MAKING FOR THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
- 00:25:34.655 --> 00:25:35.122
- AMERICAN REVOLUTION. - DENNIS: THE GREAT
- 00:25:35.122 --> 00:25:35.823
- - DENNIS: THE GREAT AWAKENING SWEEPS ACROSS
- 00:25:35.823 --> 00:25:37.057
- AWAKENING SWEEPS ACROSS ALL 13 COLONIES, INFUSING
- 00:25:37.057 --> 00:25:38.626
- ALL 13 COLONIES, INFUSING A SENSE OF COMMONALITY
- 00:25:38.626 --> 00:25:39.560
- A SENSE OF COMMONALITY AMONG THE PEOPLE AND
- 00:25:39.560 --> 00:25:41.462
- AMONG THE PEOPLE AND EXTENDING TO EVERY LEVEL
- 00:25:41.462 --> 00:25:43.731
- EXTENDING TO EVERY LEVEL OF SOCIETY.
- 00:25:43.731 --> 00:25:44.999
- OF SOCIETY. BOTH COAL MINER AND BANKER
- 00:25:44.999 --> 00:25:46.634
- BOTH COAL MINER AND BANKER ARE DISCOVERING THEIR NEED
- 00:25:46.634 --> 00:25:49.770
- ARE DISCOVERING THEIR NEED FOR GOD.
- 00:25:49.770 --> 00:25:50.904
- FOR GOD. - GREGG: WHITEFIELD WAS A
- 00:25:50.904 --> 00:25:51.905
- - GREGG: WHITEFIELD WAS A MAVERICK.
- 00:25:51.905 --> 00:25:52.906
- MAVERICK. HE WENT OUTSIDE THE NORM.
- 00:25:52.906 --> 00:25:55.542
- HE WENT OUTSIDE THE NORM. WHITEFIELD TOOK RELIGION
- 00:25:55.542 --> 00:25:57.544
- WHITEFIELD TOOK RELIGION INTO THE PUBLIC SQUARE.
- 00:25:57.544 --> 00:26:00.948
- INTO THE PUBLIC SQUARE. HE MOVED IT FROM A CHURCH
- 00:26:00.948 --> 00:26:03.250
- HE MOVED IT FROM A CHURCH THING TO A PUBLIC THING.
- 00:26:03.250 --> 00:26:03.951
- THING TO A PUBLIC THING. HE DID SOMETHING THAT WAS
- 00:26:03.951 --> 00:26:05.285
- HE DID SOMETHING THAT WAS UNHEARD OF.
- 00:26:05.285 --> 00:26:05.919
- UNHEARD OF. HE WOULD ADVERTISE, AND HE
- 00:26:05.919 --> 00:26:08.055
- HE WOULD ADVERTISE, AND HE PREACHED OUTSIDE.
- 00:26:08.055 --> 00:26:09.089
- PREACHED OUTSIDE. - MARK: NONETHELESS, THE
- 00:26:09.089 --> 00:26:11.091
- - MARK: NONETHELESS, THE MESSAGE THAT HE AND OTHER
- 00:26:11.091 --> 00:26:12.693
- MESSAGE THAT HE AND OTHER REVIVALISTS OF THE GREAT
- 00:26:12.693 --> 00:26:14.228
- REVIVALISTS OF THE GREAT AWAKENING PREACHED WAS A
- 00:26:14.228 --> 00:26:15.262
- AWAKENING PREACHED WAS A MESSAGE THAT DID NOT
- 00:26:15.262 --> 00:26:16.463
- MESSAGE THAT DID NOT DISCRIMINATE ON THE BASIS
- 00:26:16.463 --> 00:26:17.965
- DISCRIMINATE ON THE BASIS OF ECONOMIC STATUS,
- 00:26:17.965 --> 00:26:18.632
- OF ECONOMIC STATUS, DID NOT DISCRIMINATE ON THE
- 00:26:18.632 --> 00:26:19.733
- DID NOT DISCRIMINATE ON THE BASIS OF POLITICAL
- 00:26:19.733 --> 00:26:21.001
- BASIS OF POLITICAL POSITION, DID NOT
- 00:26:21.001 --> 00:26:22.269
- POSITION, DID NOT DISCRIMINATE ON THE BASIS
- 00:26:22.269 --> 00:26:23.303
- DISCRIMINATE ON THE BASIS OF RACE.
- 00:26:23.303 --> 00:26:27.141
- OF RACE. - WILFRED: THE COMING TO
- 00:26:27.141 --> 00:26:28.776
- - WILFRED: THE COMING TO AMERICA OF EVANGELICALISM
- 00:26:28.776 --> 00:26:29.843
- AMERICA OF EVANGELICALISM HAS A GREATER APPEAL FOR
- 00:26:29.843 --> 00:26:31.912
- HAS A GREATER APPEAL FOR PEOPLE OF LOW AND MIDDLING
- 00:26:31.912 --> 00:26:34.148
- PEOPLE OF LOW AND MIDDLING STATUS.
- 00:26:34.148 --> 00:26:35.516
- STATUS. THEY HAVE TOUGH LIVES, AND
- 00:26:35.516 --> 00:26:37.084
- THEY HAVE TOUGH LIVES, AND SOMETIMES THEY'RE BROKEN
- 00:26:37.084 --> 00:26:40.487
- SOMETIMES THEY'RE BROKEN BY THEIR EXPERIENCE, AND
- 00:26:40.487 --> 00:26:41.155
- BY THEIR EXPERIENCE, AND TO HAVE SOMEBODY COME TO
- 00:26:41.155 --> 00:26:43.290
- TO HAVE SOMEBODY COME TO THEM AND SAY, YOU KNOW,
- 00:26:43.290 --> 00:26:43.724
- THEM AND SAY, YOU KNOW, "YOU NEED TO LET THE
- 00:26:43.724 --> 00:26:46.760
- "YOU NEED TO LET THE SAVING POWER OF JESUS INTO
- 00:26:46.760 --> 00:26:47.327
- SAVING POWER OF JESUS INTO YOUR LIFE," WOW, THAT'S
- 00:26:47.327 --> 00:26:48.028
- YOUR LIFE," WOW, THAT'S LIKE GIVING THEM A DOUBLE
- 00:26:48.028 --> 00:26:50.397
- LIKE GIVING THEM A DOUBLE DOSE OF HOPE.
- 00:26:50.397 --> 00:26:54.134
- DOSE OF HOPE. [MUSIC]
- 00:26:54.134 --> 00:26:55.469
- [MUSIC] - TIMOTHY: GEORGE WHITEFIELD
- 00:26:55.469 --> 00:26:57.104
- - TIMOTHY: GEORGE WHITEFIELD GREW UP IN PRETTY HUMBLE
- 00:26:57.104 --> 00:26:59.807
- GREW UP IN PRETTY HUMBLE CIRCUMSTANCES IN ENGLAND.
- 00:26:59.807 --> 00:27:01.241
- CIRCUMSTANCES IN ENGLAND. HE WAS VERY GOOD AT
- 00:27:01.241 --> 00:27:02.309
- HE WAS VERY GOOD AT MIMICKING VOICES, AND HE
- 00:27:02.309 --> 00:27:03.210
- MIMICKING VOICES, AND HE HAD A LOT OF SUCCESS AND
- 00:27:03.210 --> 00:27:05.479
- HAD A LOT OF SUCCESS AND JOY IN ACTING.
- 00:27:05.479 --> 00:27:06.480
- JOY IN ACTING. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND--
- 00:27:06.480 --> 00:27:07.548
- THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND-- AGAIN, THAT'S WHAT HE'S
- 00:27:07.548 --> 00:27:08.649
- AGAIN, THAT'S WHAT HE'S ORDAINED IN-- HAS VERY
- 00:27:08.649 --> 00:27:10.684
- ORDAINED IN-- HAS VERY STRICT CANONICAL RULES
- 00:27:10.684 --> 00:27:12.586
- STRICT CANONICAL RULES THAT YOU CAN ONLY PREACH
- 00:27:12.586 --> 00:27:13.120
- THAT YOU CAN ONLY PREACH IN A CONSECRATED CHURCH
- 00:27:13.120 --> 00:27:14.555
- IN A CONSECRATED CHURCH BUILDING.
- 00:27:14.555 --> 00:27:16.590
- BUILDING. AND SO WHITEFIELD'S
- 00:27:16.590 --> 00:27:17.624
- AND SO WHITEFIELD'S SOLUTION WAS "FINE, I'LL
- 00:27:17.624 --> 00:27:18.892
- SOLUTION WAS "FINE, I'LL JUST PREACH OUT OF DOORS."
- 00:27:18.892 --> 00:27:20.627
- JUST PREACH OUT OF DOORS." NOW, HE CAN INSTANTLY
- 00:27:20.627 --> 00:27:22.429
- NOW, HE CAN INSTANTLY REACH A LOT MORE PEOPLE
- 00:27:22.429 --> 00:27:23.130
- REACH A LOT MORE PEOPLE BECAUSE NOW THE ONLY
- 00:27:23.130 --> 00:27:24.064
- BECAUSE NOW THE ONLY LIMITATION IS HOW FAR YOUR
- 00:27:24.064 --> 00:27:25.499
- LIMITATION IS HOW FAR YOUR VOICE CAN GO, BUT ALSO,
- 00:27:25.499 --> 00:27:26.333
- VOICE CAN GO, BUT ALSO, YOU'VE SUDDENLY TAKEN AWAY
- 00:27:26.333 --> 00:27:27.334
- YOU'VE SUDDENLY TAKEN AWAY ALL KINDS OF CLASS ISSUES
- 00:27:27.334 --> 00:27:29.903
- ALL KINDS OF CLASS ISSUES THAT WERE A BARRIER AT
- 00:27:29.903 --> 00:27:31.371
- THAT WERE A BARRIER AT THAT TIME.
- 00:27:31.371 --> 00:27:34.341
- THAT TIME. PEOPLE WOULD PAY TO HAVE
- 00:27:34.341 --> 00:27:34.975
- PEOPLE WOULD PAY TO HAVE A RESERVED SEAT IN
- 00:27:34.975 --> 00:27:35.642
- A RESERVED SEAT IN THE CHURCH.
- 00:27:35.642 --> 00:27:37.311
- THE CHURCH. - GEORGE WHITEFIELD: I
- 00:27:37.311 --> 00:27:39.847
- - GEORGE WHITEFIELD: I BELIEVE I NEVER WAS MORE
- 00:27:39.847 --> 00:27:40.514
- BELIEVE I NEVER WAS MORE ACCEPTABLE TO MY MASTER
- 00:27:40.514 --> 00:27:41.615
- ACCEPTABLE TO MY MASTER THAN WHEN I WAS STANDING
- 00:27:41.615 --> 00:27:42.382
- THAN WHEN I WAS STANDING TO TEACH THOSE HEARERS IN
- 00:27:42.382 --> 00:27:45.419
- I NOW PREACH TO TEN TIMES
- 00:27:47.020 --> 00:27:47.788
- I NOW PREACH TO TEN TIMES MORE PEOPLE THAN I WOULD
- 00:27:47.788 --> 00:27:49.690
- MORE PEOPLE THAN I WOULD HAVE IF I HAD BEEN
- 00:27:49.690 --> 00:27:51.225
- HAVE IF I HAD BEEN CONFINED TO THAT CHURCHES.
- 00:27:51.225 --> 00:27:51.792
- CONFINED TO THAT CHURCHES. - TIMOTHY: WELL,
- 00:27:51.792 --> 00:27:53.460
- - TIMOTHY: WELL, IF YOU'RE IN A CROWD OUT OF
- 00:27:53.460 --> 00:27:54.261
- IF YOU'RE IN A CROWD OUT OF DOORS, SUDDENLY NOBODY'S
- 00:27:54.261 --> 00:27:55.562
- DOORS, SUDDENLY NOBODY'S RUBBING IN YOUR FACE THE
- 00:27:55.562 --> 00:27:57.731
- YOU DON'T HAVE TO GET
- 00:27:58.799 --> 00:27:59.333
- YOU DON'T HAVE TO GET DRESSED UP IN A WAY THAT
- 00:27:59.333 --> 00:27:59.833
- DRESSED UP IN A WAY THAT YOU FEEL IS ACCEPTABLE
- 00:27:59.833 --> 00:28:01.368
- YOU FEEL IS ACCEPTABLE FOR CHURCH.
- 00:28:01.368 --> 00:28:02.302
- FOR CHURCH. HE OFTEN PREACHED TO
- 00:28:02.302 --> 00:28:03.270
- HE OFTEN PREACHED TO COAL MINERS,
- 00:28:03.270 --> 00:28:05.606
- COAL MINERS, AND THEY WOULD WEEP TEARS,
- 00:28:05.606 --> 00:28:06.306
- AND THEY WOULD WEEP TEARS, YOU KNOW, WITH THE COAL
- 00:28:06.306 --> 00:28:07.207
- YOU KNOW, WITH THE COAL MARKS ON THEIR FACE
- 00:28:07.207 --> 00:28:08.008
- MARKS ON THEIR FACE BECAUSE SOMEBODY WAS
- 00:28:08.008 --> 00:28:08.575
- BECAUSE SOMEBODY WAS TALKING TO THEM ABOUT
- 00:28:08.575 --> 00:28:10.077
- TALKING TO THEM ABOUT THEIR IMMORTAL SOUL AND
- 00:28:10.077 --> 00:28:12.012
- THEIR IMMORTAL SOUL AND POINTING THIS GOSPEL RIGHT
- 00:28:12.012 --> 00:28:13.480
- POINTING THIS GOSPEL RIGHT AT THEIR DIGNITY AS A
- 00:28:13.480 --> 00:28:14.948
- AT THEIR DIGNITY AS A HUMAN BEING.
- 00:28:14.948 --> 00:28:15.949
- HUMAN BEING. - DENNIS: WHITEFIELD AND
- 00:28:15.949 --> 00:28:16.617
- - DENNIS: WHITEFIELD AND THOSE WHO FOLLOWED CREATED
- 00:28:16.617 --> 00:28:17.951
- THOSE WHO FOLLOWED CREATED CONTROVERSY AND
- 00:28:17.951 --> 00:28:18.886
- CONTROVERSY AND CONVERSIONS WHEREVER THEY
- 00:28:18.886 --> 00:28:19.920
- CONVERSIONS WHEREVER THEY WENT.
- 00:28:19.920 --> 00:28:21.155
- WENT. DENOMINATIONS BEGAN TO
- 00:28:21.155 --> 00:28:22.422
- DENOMINATIONS BEGAN TO SPLIT.
- 00:28:22.422 --> 00:28:23.257
- SPLIT. NEW MOVEMENTS WERE
- 00:28:23.257 --> 00:28:24.258
- NEW MOVEMENTS WERE BIRTHED.
- 00:28:24.258 --> 00:28:25.159
- BIRTHED. AND SOME CLAIM THEY HAVE
- 00:28:25.159 --> 00:28:28.328
- AND SOME CLAIM THEY HAVE BEEN DRIVEN INSANE.
- 00:28:28.328 --> 00:28:29.196
- BEEN DRIVEN INSANE. - TIMOTHY: AT HIS FIRST
- 00:28:29.196 --> 00:28:30.330
- - TIMOTHY: AT HIS FIRST SERMON-- IT'S A TRIAL
- 00:28:30.330 --> 00:28:31.298
- SERMON-- IT'S A TRIAL SERMON, FIRST TIME HE'S
- 00:28:31.298 --> 00:28:32.699
- SERMON, FIRST TIME HE'S EVER PREACHED BEFORE A
- 00:28:32.699 --> 00:28:34.101
- EVER PREACHED BEFORE A CONGREGATION-- THERE WAS A
- 00:28:34.101 --> 00:28:34.968
- CONGREGATION-- THERE WAS A COMPLAINT TO THE BISHOP
- 00:28:34.968 --> 00:28:35.469
- COMPLAINT TO THE BISHOP THAT HE DROVE 15 PEOPLE
- 00:28:35.469 --> 00:28:36.804
- THAT HE DROVE 15 PEOPLE MAD.
- 00:28:36.804 --> 00:28:37.538
- MAD. IT'S A PRETTY IMPRESSIVE
- 00:28:37.538 --> 00:28:39.239
- IT'S A PRETTY IMPRESSIVE OUTCOME FOR A SERMON.
- 00:28:39.239 --> 00:28:40.107
- OUTCOME FOR A SERMON. SO WHAT IN THE WORLD IS
- 00:28:40.107 --> 00:28:41.475
- SO WHAT IN THE WORLD IS GOING ON THAT YOU COULD
- 00:28:41.475 --> 00:28:43.777
- GOING ON THAT YOU COULD DRIVE 15 PEOPLE MAD?
- 00:28:43.777 --> 00:28:45.579
- DRIVE 15 PEOPLE MAD? WHAT DO THEY MEAN?
- 00:28:45.579 --> 00:28:46.613
- WHAT DO THEY MEAN? - TIMOTHY: BUT WHITEFIELD
- 00:28:46.613 --> 00:28:47.314
- - TIMOTHY: BUT WHITEFIELD WAS AN ACTOR, AND WHAT
- 00:28:47.314 --> 00:28:47.915
- WAS AN ACTOR, AND WHAT ACTORS DO IS THEY DON'T
- 00:28:47.915 --> 00:28:48.816
- ACTORS DO IS THEY DON'T READ THE TEXT.
- 00:28:48.816 --> 00:28:49.383
- READ THE TEXT. THEY MEMORIZE IT, AND THEY
- 00:28:49.383 --> 00:28:50.184
- THEY MEMORIZE IT, AND THEY DECLAIM IT.
- 00:28:50.184 --> 00:28:50.751
- DECLAIM IT. SO HE'S LOOKING AT PEOPLE
- 00:28:50.751 --> 00:28:52.252
- SO HE'S LOOKING AT PEOPLE IN THE CONGREGATION.
- 00:28:52.252 --> 00:28:53.253
- IN THE CONGREGATION. HE'S NOT LOOKING AT HIS TEXT.
- 00:28:53.253 --> 00:28:54.388
- HE'S NOT LOOKING AT HIS TEXT. HE'S LOOKING AT YOU, AND
- 00:28:54.388 --> 00:28:56.256
- HE'S LOOKING AT YOU, AND HE'S TALKING NOT ABOUT
- 00:28:56.256 --> 00:28:57.357
- HE'S TALKING NOT ABOUT DOCTRINE OR MORALS.
- 00:28:57.357 --> 00:28:58.358
- DOCTRINE OR MORALS. HE'S TALKING ABOUT THE
- 00:28:58.358 --> 00:28:59.626
- HE'S TALKING ABOUT THE STATE OF YOUR SOUL.
- 00:28:59.626 --> 00:29:01.261
- STATE OF YOUR SOUL. - GEORGE: DO YOU REALLY
- 00:29:01.261 --> 00:29:03.831
- - GEORGE: DO YOU REALLY KNOW JESUS CHRIST?
- 00:29:03.831 --> 00:29:06.867
- KNOW JESUS CHRIST? HAS HE COME INTO YOUR LIFE?
- 00:29:06.867 --> 00:29:07.467
- HAS HE COME INTO YOUR LIFE? - TIMOTHY: AND PEOPLE
- 00:29:07.467 --> 00:29:08.268
- - TIMOTHY: AND PEOPLE BECOME AGITATED.
- 00:29:08.268 --> 00:29:08.936
- BECOME AGITATED. THEY'RE ALL OF A SUDDEN LIKE,
- 00:29:08.936 --> 00:29:09.803
- THEY'RE ALL OF A SUDDEN LIKE, "HE'S SPEAKING TO ME."
- 00:29:09.803 --> 00:29:11.305
- "HE'S SPEAKING TO ME." AND SO WHAT I THINK
- 00:29:11.305 --> 00:29:12.906
- AND SO WHAT I THINK IT MEANS, "DRIVING THEM
- 00:29:12.906 --> 00:29:14.107
- IT MEANS, "DRIVING THEM MAD," IS THAT HE COULD MORE
- 00:29:14.107 --> 00:29:14.875
- MAD," IS THAT HE COULD MORE VISIBLY AGITATE THEM.
- 00:29:14.875 --> 00:29:16.243
- VISIBLY AGITATE THEM. "HE'S GOT TO ME.
- 00:29:16.243 --> 00:29:16.743
- "HE'S GOT TO ME. HE'S TALKING ABOUT THE
- 00:29:16.743 --> 00:29:17.344
- HE'S TALKING ABOUT THE STATE OF MY LIFE IN WAYS
- 00:29:17.344 --> 00:29:18.212
- STATE OF MY LIFE IN WAYS THAT NOBODY'S BEEN THAT
- 00:29:18.212 --> 00:29:18.712
- THAT NOBODY'S BEEN THAT PERSONAL BEFORE IN A
- 00:29:18.712 --> 00:29:19.780
- PERSONAL BEFORE IN A SERMON, AND HE LOOKED ME
- 00:29:19.780 --> 00:29:20.948
- SERMON, AND HE LOOKED ME IN THE EYE, AND HE KNOWS
- 00:29:20.948 --> 00:29:23.183
- IN THE EYE, AND HE KNOWS SOMETHING."
- 00:29:23.183 --> 00:29:23.684
- SOMETHING." - MARK: HE WAS THE
- 00:29:23.684 --> 00:29:24.618
- - MARK: HE WAS THE PHENOMENON OF HIS AGE.
- 00:29:24.618 --> 00:29:26.420
- PHENOMENON OF HIS AGE. AS A VERY YOUNG MAN, HE
- 00:29:26.420 --> 00:29:29.022
- AS A VERY YOUNG MAN, HE WAS DRAWING OUTDOOR CROWDS
- 00:29:29.022 --> 00:29:31.692
- WAS DRAWING OUTDOOR CROWDS OF 5.000, 8.000, 10.000.
- 00:29:31.692 --> 00:29:32.426
- OF 5.000, 8.000, 10.000. THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE CAME
- 00:29:32.426 --> 00:29:34.061
- THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE CAME TO HEAR HIM PREACH.
- 00:29:34.061 --> 00:29:35.362
- TO HEAR HIM PREACH. - GEORGE: YOU MUST BE
- 00:29:35.362 --> 00:29:37.831
- - GEORGE: YOU MUST BE BORN AGAIN.
- 00:29:37.831 --> 00:29:40.667
- BORN AGAIN. - TIMOTHY: AND HE IS
- 00:29:40.667 --> 00:29:42.035
- - TIMOTHY: AND HE IS UNIFYING THE COLONISTS WHO
- 00:29:42.035 --> 00:29:42.870
- UNIFYING THE COLONISTS WHO ARE SUDDENLY REALIZING,
- 00:29:42.870 --> 00:29:43.737
- ARE SUDDENLY REALIZING, "OH, I THOUGHT OF MYSELF
- 00:29:43.737 --> 00:29:45.873
- "OH, I THOUGHT OF MYSELF AS SOMEBODY FROM VIRGINIA
- 00:29:45.873 --> 00:29:46.840
- AS SOMEBODY FROM VIRGINIA OR FROM MASSACHUSETTS,
- 00:29:46.840 --> 00:29:49.509
- OR FROM MASSACHUSETTS, AND THAT BECOMES A WAY THAT
- 00:29:49.509 --> 00:29:51.011
- AND THAT BECOMES A WAY THAT THE AMERICANS START
- 00:29:51.011 --> 00:29:52.846
- THE AMERICANS START THINKING OF THEMSELVES AS
- 00:29:52.846 --> 00:29:54.748
- THINKING OF THEMSELVES AS AMERICANS, AND
- 00:29:54.748 --> 00:29:55.349
- AMERICANS, AND WHITEFIELD'S MINISTRY IS
- 00:29:55.349 --> 00:29:56.083
- WHITEFIELD'S MINISTRY IS THE FIRST THING THAT THEY
- 00:29:56.083 --> 00:29:57.084
- THE FIRST THING THAT THEY ALL HAVE IN COMMON THAT
- 00:29:57.084 --> 00:29:58.252
- ALL HAVE IN COMMON THAT GLUES THEM TOGETHER
- 00:29:58.252 --> 00:29:59.219
- GLUES THEM TOGETHER CULTURALLY, AND IT'S SO
- 00:29:59.219 --> 00:30:00.754
- CULTURALLY, AND IT'S SO EFFECTIVE THAT HE CALLS
- 00:30:00.754 --> 00:30:02.289
- EFFECTIVE THAT HE CALLS WESLEY IN TO JOIN HIM, AND
- 00:30:02.289 --> 00:30:04.091
- WESLEY IN TO JOIN HIM, AND HE DOES NOT WANT TO DO
- 00:30:04.091 --> 00:30:05.225
- HE DOES NOT WANT TO DO THIS, AND IT'S ALSO
- 00:30:05.225 --> 00:30:06.326
- THIS, AND IT'S ALSO AGAINST CANON LAW.
- 00:30:06.326 --> 00:30:08.362
- AGAINST CANON LAW. IT'S FLAT-OUT BREAKING THE
- 00:30:08.362 --> 00:30:09.229
- IT'S FLAT-OUT BREAKING THE RULES.
- 00:30:09.229 --> 00:30:10.898
- RULES. WHITEFIELD IS THIS
- 00:30:10.898 --> 00:30:11.498
- WHITEFIELD IS THIS MAVERICK WHO JUST DOESN'T
- 00:30:11.498 --> 00:30:12.232
- MAVERICK WHO JUST DOESN'T CARE.
- 00:30:12.232 --> 00:30:13.000
- CARE. HE'S WILLING TO DO IT, BUT
- 00:30:13.000 --> 00:30:14.735
- HE'S WILLING TO DO IT, BUT WESLEY'S NOT QUITE THERE YET.
- 00:30:14.735 --> 00:30:16.370
- WESLEY'S NOT QUITE THERE YET. - JOHN WESLEY: IT IS NO MARVEL
- 00:30:16.370 --> 00:30:18.105
- - JOHN WESLEY: IT IS NO MARVEL THAT THE DEVIL DOES NOT
- 00:30:18.105 --> 00:30:19.673
- THAT THE DEVIL DOES NOT LOVE FIELD PREACHING.
- 00:30:19.673 --> 00:30:20.941
- LOVE FIELD PREACHING. EITHER DO I.
- 00:30:20.941 --> 00:30:23.076
- EITHER DO I. I LOVE A COMMODIOUS ROOM,
- 00:30:23.076 --> 00:30:24.478
- I LOVE A COMMODIOUS ROOM, A SOFT CUSHION, A HANDSOME
- 00:30:24.478 --> 00:30:26.113
- A SOFT CUSHION, A HANDSOME PULPIT, BUT WHERE IS MY
- 00:30:26.113 --> 00:30:27.948
- PULPIT, BUT WHERE IS MY ZEAL IF I DO NOT TRAMPLE
- 00:30:27.948 --> 00:30:30.183
- ZEAL IF I DO NOT TRAMPLE ALL THESE UNDERFOOT IN
- 00:30:30.183 --> 00:30:32.886
- ALL THESE UNDERFOOT IN ORDER TO SAVE ONE MORE SOUL?
- 00:30:32.886 --> 00:30:33.387
- ORDER TO SAVE ONE MORE SOUL? - TIMOTHY: HE FINALLY
- 00:30:33.387 --> 00:30:34.388
- - TIMOTHY: HE FINALLY SEES HOW EFFECTIVE IT IS
- 00:30:34.388 --> 00:30:35.622
- SEES HOW EFFECTIVE IT IS THAT PEOPLE'S LIVES ARE
- 00:30:35.622 --> 00:30:36.690
- THAT PEOPLE'S LIVES ARE BEING TRANSFORMED BY THIS
- 00:30:36.690 --> 00:30:37.491
- BEING TRANSFORMED BY THIS MESSAGE, AND HE'S LIKE,
- 00:30:37.491 --> 00:30:39.359
- MESSAGE, AND HE'S LIKE, "OKAY, I'LL BE A MAVERICK
- 00:30:39.359 --> 00:30:41.395
- I'M GONNA GIVE UP."
- 00:30:42.930 --> 00:30:44.031
- I'M GONNA GIVE UP." AND HE WRITES IN HIS JOURNAL--
- 00:30:44.031 --> 00:30:44.831
- AND HE WRITES IN HIS JOURNAL-- - JOHN: AT FOUR IN THE
- 00:30:44.831 --> 00:30:45.365
- - JOHN: AT FOUR IN THE AFTERNOON, I SUBMITTED TO
- 00:30:45.365 --> 00:30:47.935
- AFTERNOON, I SUBMITTED TO BE MORE VILE AND
- 00:30:47.935 --> 00:30:49.169
- BE MORE VILE AND PROCLAIMED IN THE HIGHWAYS
- 00:30:49.169 --> 00:30:50.637
- PROCLAIMED IN THE HIGHWAYS THE GLAD TIDINGS OF
- 00:30:50.637 --> 00:30:51.772
- THE GLAD TIDINGS OF SALVATION, SPEAKING FROM A
- 00:30:51.772 --> 00:30:53.140
- SALVATION, SPEAKING FROM A LITTLE EMINENCE IN THE
- 00:30:53.140 --> 00:30:55.108
- LITTLE EMINENCE IN THE GROUND, ADJOINING TO THE
- 00:30:55.108 --> 00:30:59.713
- - DENNIS: THIS
- 00:31:01.048 --> 00:31:01.682
- - DENNIS: THIS SWASHBUCKLING STYLE OF
- 00:31:01.682 --> 00:31:02.983
- SWASHBUCKLING STYLE OF EVANGELISM WAS BIRTHED ON
- 00:31:02.983 --> 00:31:03.850
- EVANGELISM WAS BIRTHED ON THE FRONTIER AND REMAINS
- 00:31:03.850 --> 00:31:07.587
- THE FRONTIER AND REMAINS TRUE TO THIS DAY.
- 00:31:07.587 --> 00:31:08.121
- TRUE TO THIS DAY. COUNTLESS THOUSANDS HEARD
- 00:31:08.121 --> 00:31:08.689
- COUNTLESS THOUSANDS HEARD THE GOSPEL BECAUSE OF SOME
- 00:31:08.689 --> 00:31:10.891
- THE GOSPEL BECAUSE OF SOME BRAVE MEN OF GOD, WHO WERE
- 00:31:10.891 --> 00:31:14.428
- BRAVE MEN OF GOD, WHO WERE WILLING TO BREAK THE RULES.
- 00:31:14.428 --> 00:31:16.263
- WILLING TO BREAK THE RULES. [MUSIC]
- 00:31:16.263 --> 00:31:16.830
- [MUSIC] - THOMAS: NO ONE WAS MORE
- 00:31:16.830 --> 00:31:17.965
- - THOMAS: NO ONE WAS MORE SURPRISED THAN JONATHAN
- 00:31:17.965 --> 00:31:20.467
- SURPRISED THAN JONATHAN EDWARDS WHEN HE DELIVERED
- 00:31:20.467 --> 00:31:21.234
- EDWARDS WHEN HE DELIVERED THAT SERMON THAT WE'VE
- 00:31:21.234 --> 00:31:23.070
- THAT SERMON THAT WE'VE COME TO KNOW AS "SINNERS
- 00:31:23.070 --> 00:31:25.639
- - JONATHAN EDWARDS:
- 00:31:27.574 --> 00:31:28.408
- - JONATHAN EDWARDS: THERE IS NOTHING THAT
- 00:31:28.408 --> 00:31:29.343
- THERE IS NOTHING THAT KEEPS WICKED MEN AT ANY
- 00:31:29.343 --> 00:31:31.111
- KEEPS WICKED MEN AT ANY ONE MOMENT OUT OF HELL BUT
- 00:31:31.111 --> 00:31:35.949
- ONE MOMENT OUT OF HELL BUT THE MERE PLEASURE OF GOD.
- 00:31:35.949 --> 00:31:36.717
- THE MERE PLEASURE OF GOD. - THOMAS: WHAT HAPPENED
- 00:31:36.717 --> 00:31:37.751
- - THOMAS: WHAT HAPPENED IS JONATHAN EDWARDS IS
- 00:31:37.751 --> 00:31:40.287
- NO VOICE INFLECTION.
- 00:31:41.588 --> 00:31:43.657
- NO VOICE INFLECTION. AND THE HOLY SPIRIT LAUNCHES,
- 00:31:43.657 --> 00:31:45.058
- AND THE HOLY SPIRIT LAUNCHES, WHEN THAT SERMON IS FIRST
- 00:31:45.058 --> 00:31:46.693
- WHEN THAT SERMON IS FIRST DEVELOPED, ONE OF THE MOST
- 00:31:46.693 --> 00:31:48.996
- DEVELOPED, ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL SERMONS,
- 00:31:48.996 --> 00:31:50.230
- POWERFUL SERMONS, MAYBE AS CLOSE AS WE'RE
- 00:31:50.230 --> 00:31:50.764
- MAYBE AS CLOSE AS WE'RE GOING TO FIND TO A
- 00:31:50.764 --> 00:31:52.432
- GOING TO FIND TO A PENTECOST-SUNDAY KIND OF
- 00:31:52.432 --> 00:31:55.335
- PENTECOST-SUNDAY KIND OF MESSAGE THAT'S DELIVERED.
- 00:31:55.335 --> 00:31:56.436
- MESSAGE THAT'S DELIVERED. AND THEN EDWARDS DISCOVERS
- 00:31:56.436 --> 00:31:57.270
- AND THEN EDWARDS DISCOVERS THAT OTHER CONGREGATIONS
- 00:31:57.270 --> 00:31:59.373
- THAT OTHER CONGREGATIONS WANNA HEAR THIS.
- 00:31:59.373 --> 00:32:00.374
- WANNA HEAR THIS. THIS REVIVAL THAT'S BEGUN,
- 00:32:00.374 --> 00:32:02.542
- THIS REVIVAL THAT'S BEGUN, THIS IS SOMETHING THAT
- 00:32:02.542 --> 00:32:04.277
- THIS IS SOMETHING THAT OTHER CONGREGATIONS ARE
- 00:32:04.277 --> 00:32:06.880
- OTHER CONGREGATIONS ARE HUNGRY TO EXPERIENCE FOR
- 00:32:06.880 --> 00:32:08.648
- HUNGRY TO EXPERIENCE FOR THEMSELVES.
- 00:32:08.648 --> 00:32:09.750
- THEMSELVES. - DENNIS: THIS GREAT
- 00:32:09.750 --> 00:32:10.684
- - DENNIS: THIS GREAT AWAKENING WAS MORE THAN A
- 00:32:10.684 --> 00:32:12.452
- AWAKENING WAS MORE THAN A SPIRITUAL AWAKENING.
- 00:32:12.452 --> 00:32:13.320
- SPIRITUAL AWAKENING. IT WAS THE ROUSING OF THE
- 00:32:13.320 --> 00:32:14.855
- IT WAS THE ROUSING OF THE NATION.
- 00:32:14.855 --> 00:32:16.323
- NATION. HEAVY TAXATION AND A
- 00:32:16.323 --> 00:32:17.491
- HEAVY TAXATION AND A DESIRE TO LIVE FREE FROM
- 00:32:17.491 --> 00:32:18.892
- DESIRE TO LIVE FREE FROM TYRANNY OF A KING WERE THE
- 00:32:18.892 --> 00:32:20.560
- TYRANNY OF A KING WERE THE FIRES THAT FUELED A
- 00:32:20.560 --> 00:32:21.962
- FIRES THAT FUELED A REVOLUTIONARY FERVOR, BUT
- 00:32:21.962 --> 00:32:23.730
- REVOLUTIONARY FERVOR, BUT THE GREAT AWAKENING MAY
- 00:32:23.730 --> 00:32:25.198
- THE GREAT AWAKENING MAY HAVE PROVIDED THE INITIAL
- 00:32:25.198 --> 00:32:27.200
- HAVE PROVIDED THE INITIAL SPARK.
- 00:32:27.200 --> 00:32:27.934
- SPARK. - THOMAS: THERE IS A
- 00:32:27.934 --> 00:32:29.336
- - THOMAS: THERE IS A THEOLOGY DEVELOPING AMONG
- 00:32:29.336 --> 00:32:30.704
- THEOLOGY DEVELOPING AMONG THE PILGRIMS AND THE
- 00:32:30.704 --> 00:32:32.072
- THE PILGRIMS AND THE PURITANS THAT CALLS FOR
- 00:32:32.072 --> 00:32:33.340
- PURITANS THAT CALLS FOR INDIVIDUALS TO MAKE
- 00:32:33.340 --> 00:32:34.841
- INDIVIDUALS TO MAKE PERSONAL CHOICES, AND YOU
- 00:32:34.841 --> 00:32:37.878
- PERSONAL CHOICES, AND YOU SEE SOMETHING OF THE
- 00:32:37.878 --> 00:32:39.112
- SEE SOMETHING OF THE GENESIS OF THE
- 00:32:39.112 --> 00:32:42.115
- GENESIS OF THE ARGUMENTATION THAT SETS
- 00:32:42.115 --> 00:32:44.117
- ARGUMENTATION THAT SETS THE STAGE FOR THE
- 00:32:44.117 --> 00:32:45.552
- THE STAGE FOR THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION THERE.
- 00:32:45.552 --> 00:32:51.058
- AMERICAN REVOLUTION THERE. [BOOM]
- 00:32:51.058 --> 00:32:51.725
- [BOOM] - TIMOTHY: THE SEPARATION
- 00:32:51.725 --> 00:32:52.626
- - TIMOTHY: THE SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE IS
- 00:32:52.626 --> 00:32:53.560
- OF CHURCH AND STATE IS PRIMARILY A THEOLOGICAL
- 00:32:53.560 --> 00:32:55.629
- PRIMARILY A THEOLOGICAL IDEA.
- 00:32:55.629 --> 00:32:56.196
- IDEA. IT'S NOT A POLITICAL IDEA
- 00:32:56.196 --> 00:32:57.964
- IT'S NOT A POLITICAL IDEA INITIALLY.
- 00:32:57.964 --> 00:32:58.532
- INITIALLY. WHAT THEY'RE CONCERNED
- 00:32:58.532 --> 00:32:59.566
- WHAT THEY'RE CONCERNED ABOUT IS THE IDEA THAT
- 00:32:59.566 --> 00:33:00.934
- ABOUT IS THE IDEA THAT WORLDLY POWER WOULD
- 00:33:00.934 --> 00:33:03.537
- WORLDLY POWER WOULD DICTATE WHAT GOD'S PEOPLE
- 00:33:03.537 --> 00:33:05.405
- DICTATE WHAT GOD'S PEOPLE ARE MEANT TO DO, AND THEIR
- 00:33:05.405 --> 00:33:08.642
- ARE MEANT TO DO, AND THEIR ARGUMENT IS "NO, NOBODY
- 00:33:08.642 --> 00:33:09.976
- ARGUMENT IS "NO, NOBODY LEADS THE CHURCH EXCEPT
- 00:33:09.976 --> 00:33:11.912
- LEADS THE CHURCH EXCEPT FOR JESUS CHRIST HIMSELF,
- 00:33:11.912 --> 00:33:13.080
- FOR JESUS CHRIST HIMSELF, AND THEREFORE WE'RE
- 00:33:13.080 --> 00:33:14.281
- AND THEREFORE WE'RE DETERMINED TO LIVE UNDER
- 00:33:14.281 --> 00:33:15.749
- DETERMINED TO LIVE UNDER HIS LORDSHIP AND NOT HAVE
- 00:33:15.749 --> 00:33:17.918
- HIS LORDSHIP AND NOT HAVE A KING, A MONARCH, ANYBODY
- 00:33:17.918 --> 00:33:20.087
- A KING, A MONARCH, ANYBODY ELSE TELLING US WHAT WE
- 00:33:20.087 --> 00:33:23.490
- ELSE TELLING US WHAT WE CAN AND CANNOT DO.
- 00:33:23.490 --> 00:33:24.024
- CAN AND CANNOT DO. - GREGG: BUT I THINK THE
- 00:33:24.024 --> 00:33:25.659
- - GREGG: BUT I THINK THE MORE IMPORTANT SENSE IS
- 00:33:25.659 --> 00:33:26.927
- MORE IMPORTANT SENSE IS WHAT BEGINS TO HAPPEN
- 00:33:26.927 --> 00:33:28.695
- WHAT BEGINS TO HAPPEN AROUND THE AMERICAN
- 00:33:28.695 --> 00:33:29.930
- AROUND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, AND IT'S THIS
- 00:33:29.930 --> 00:33:31.998
- REVOLUTION, AND IT'S THIS IDEA OF THAT GOD HAS
- 00:33:31.998 --> 00:33:33.667
- IDEA OF THAT GOD HAS CREATED PEOPLE WITH THE
- 00:33:33.667 --> 00:33:39.573
- CREATED PEOPLE WITH THE RIGHT TO THINK ABOUT GOD
- 00:33:39.573 --> 00:33:42.576
- THAT IS, THEY SHOULD BE
- 00:33:43.610 --> 00:33:44.177
- THAT IS, THEY SHOULD BE ABLE TO EXERCISE THEIR OWN
- 00:33:44.177 --> 00:33:46.680
- ABLE TO EXERCISE THEIR OWN CONSCIENCE, AND,
- 00:33:46.680 --> 00:33:48.648
- CONSCIENCE, AND, IRONICALLY, THOMAS JEFFERSON
- 00:33:48.648 --> 00:33:49.816
- IRONICALLY, THOMAS JEFFERSON IS A KEY FIGURE IN THIS.
- 00:33:49.816 --> 00:33:51.218
- IS A KEY FIGURE IN THIS. JEFFERSON WRITES SOMETHING
- 00:33:51.218 --> 00:33:52.719
- JEFFERSON WRITES SOMETHING ALONG THESE LINES--
- 00:33:52.719 --> 00:33:53.353
- ALONG THESE LINES-- - THOMAS JEFFERSON: RELIGION
- 00:33:53.353 --> 00:33:54.521
- - THOMAS JEFFERSON: RELIGION IS A MATTER WHICH LIES
- 00:33:54.521 --> 00:33:56.256
- IS A MATTER WHICH LIES SOLELY BETWEEN MAN AND HIS
- 00:33:56.256 --> 00:33:58.825
- SOLELY BETWEEN MAN AND HIS GOD, THAT HE OWES ACCOUNT
- 00:33:58.825 --> 00:34:00.460
- GOD, THAT HE OWES ACCOUNT TO NONE OTHER FOR HIS
- 00:34:00.460 --> 00:34:02.095
- TO NONE OTHER FOR HIS FAITH OR HIS WORSHIP.
- 00:34:02.095 --> 00:34:03.396
- FAITH OR HIS WORSHIP. I CONTEMPLATE WITH
- 00:34:03.396 --> 00:34:05.298
- I CONTEMPLATE WITH SOVEREIGN REVERENCE THAT
- 00:34:05.298 --> 00:34:07.634
- SOVEREIGN REVERENCE THAT THEIR LEGISLATURE SHOULD
- 00:34:07.634 --> 00:34:10.437
- THEIR LEGISLATURE SHOULD 'MAKE NO LAW RESPECTING AN
- 00:34:10.437 --> 00:34:12.672
- 'MAKE NO LAW RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION,
- 00:34:12.672 --> 00:34:15.175
- ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION, OR PROHIBITING THE FREE
- 00:34:15.175 --> 00:34:17.010
- OR PROHIBITING THE FREE EXERCISE THEREOF,' THUS
- 00:34:17.010 --> 00:34:18.145
- EXERCISE THEREOF,' THUS BUILDING A WALL OF
- 00:34:18.145 --> 00:34:19.746
- BUILDING A WALL OF SEPARATION BETWEEN CHURCH
- 00:34:19.746 --> 00:34:22.282
- SEPARATION BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE."
- 00:34:22.282 --> 00:34:23.450
- AND STATE." - GREGG: THE GOVERNOR IS
- 00:34:23.450 --> 00:34:24.017
- - GREGG: THE GOVERNOR IS NO MORE QUALIFIED TO TELL
- 00:34:24.017 --> 00:34:25.252
- NO MORE QUALIFIED TO TELL ME TO GO TO HEAVEN
- 00:34:25.252 --> 00:34:27.621
- WHAT RIGHT DOES THE
- 00:34:28.722 --> 00:34:30.090
- WHAT RIGHT DOES THE GOVERNOR HAVE, OR ANY
- 00:34:30.090 --> 00:34:31.825
- GOVERNOR HAVE, OR ANY GOVERNMENT, TO TELL ME
- 00:34:31.825 --> 00:34:34.528
- GOVERNMENT, TO TELL ME WHAT I OUGHT TO BELIEVE?
- 00:34:34.528 --> 00:34:36.029
- WHAT I OUGHT TO BELIEVE? NOW, YOU PLAY THAT OUT, SO
- 00:34:36.029 --> 00:34:37.330
- NOW, YOU PLAY THAT OUT, SO AMERICA DOES SOMETHING
- 00:34:37.330 --> 00:34:38.198
- AMERICA DOES SOMETHING THAT'S UNHEARD OF IN
- 00:34:38.198 --> 00:34:40.934
- THAT'S UNHEARD OF IN EUROPEAN CULTURES.
- 00:34:40.934 --> 00:34:42.068
- EUROPEAN CULTURES. THEY SAY, "WE'RE NOT GONNA
- 00:34:42.068 --> 00:34:42.736
- THEY SAY, "WE'RE NOT GONNA HAVE A STATE CHURCH."
- 00:34:42.736 --> 00:34:46.439
- HAVE A STATE CHURCH." NOW, "KATY, BAR THE DOOR,"
- 00:34:46.439 --> 00:34:48.141
- NOW, "KATY, BAR THE DOOR," BECAUSE THE LIMIT IS ONLY
- 00:34:48.141 --> 00:34:49.409
- BECAUSE THE LIMIT IS ONLY YOUR CONSCIENCE, AND
- 00:34:49.409 --> 00:34:51.878
- YOUR CONSCIENCE, AND EVERYONE THEN IS
- 00:34:51.878 --> 00:34:53.613
- EVERYONE THEN IS GUARANTEED THE RIGHT TO
- 00:34:53.613 --> 00:34:55.749
- GUARANTEED THE RIGHT TO PRACTICE THEIR FAITH AS
- 00:34:55.749 --> 00:34:58.218
- PRACTICE THEIR FAITH AS THEY ARE BOUND BY THEIR
- 00:34:58.218 --> 00:34:59.786
- THEY ARE BOUND BY THEIR OWN CONSCIENCE.
- 00:34:59.786 --> 00:35:00.487
- OWN CONSCIENCE. - MALE: FIRE.
- 00:35:00.487 --> 00:35:01.955
- - MALE: FIRE. [BOOM]
- 00:35:01.955 --> 00:35:02.455
- [BOOM] - GREGG: THE AMERICAN
- 00:35:02.455 --> 00:35:03.790
- - GREGG: THE AMERICAN IDEAL OF FREEDOM OF
- 00:35:03.790 --> 00:35:05.458
- IDEAL OF FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND, THEREFORE,
- 00:35:05.458 --> 00:35:08.728
- CONSCIENCE AND, THEREFORE, NO STATE CHURCH IS
- 00:35:08.728 --> 00:35:11.364
- NO STATE CHURCH IS DRAMATICALLY DIFFERENT.
- 00:35:11.364 --> 00:35:13.066
- DRAMATICALLY DIFFERENT. IT'S REVOLUTIONARY.
- 00:35:13.066 --> 00:35:14.100
- IT'S REVOLUTIONARY. THEY ARE GOING TO OPEN THE
- 00:35:14.100 --> 00:35:16.069
- THEY ARE GOING TO OPEN THE DOOR TO PEOPLE DEVELOPING
- 00:35:16.069 --> 00:35:18.471
- DOOR TO PEOPLE DEVELOPING THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS OF
- 00:35:18.471 --> 00:35:19.940
- THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS OF RELIGION.
- 00:35:19.940 --> 00:35:22.175
- RELIGION. [BOOM, BOOM]
- 00:35:22.175 --> 00:35:27.414
- [BOOM, BOOM] [MUSIC]
- 00:35:27.414 --> 00:35:28.248
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: NOW ARMED WITH
- 00:35:28.248 --> 00:35:30.650
- - DENNIS: NOW ARMED WITH THE ABILITY TO CHOOSE,
- 00:35:30.650 --> 00:35:31.618
- THE ABILITY TO CHOOSE, AMERICANS CREATE A FAITH
- 00:35:31.618 --> 00:35:32.953
- AMERICANS CREATE A FAITH THAT IS DISTINCTLY THEIR OWN.
- 00:35:32.953 --> 00:35:34.254
- THAT IS DISTINCTLY THEIR OWN. A SECOND GREAT AWAKENING
- 00:35:34.254 --> 00:35:38.258
- A SECOND GREAT AWAKENING SHAKES THE NEW NATION.
- 00:35:38.258 --> 00:35:39.326
- SHAKES THE NEW NATION. THIS WHITE-HOT REVIVAL
- 00:35:39.326 --> 00:35:39.859
- THIS WHITE-HOT REVIVAL BURNS ACROSS THE FRONTIERS
- 00:35:39.859 --> 00:35:42.329
- BURNS ACROSS THE FRONTIERS FOR 50 YEARS.
- 00:35:42.329 --> 00:35:44.698
- FOR 50 YEARS. [MUSIC]
- 00:35:44.698 --> 00:35:45.565
- [MUSIC] - THOMAS: AND SO THE
- 00:35:45.565 --> 00:35:47.033
- - THOMAS: AND SO THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING
- 00:35:47.033 --> 00:35:48.301
- SECOND GREAT AWAKENING PRODUCES THESE MAJOR
- 00:35:48.301 --> 00:35:49.836
- PRODUCES THESE MAJOR REFORM MOVEMENT OF THE
- 00:35:49.836 --> 00:35:50.570
- REFORM MOVEMENT OF THE 1830s OR '40s THAT DOESN'T
- 00:35:50.570 --> 00:35:51.338
- 1830s OR '40s THAT DOESN'T HAVE SOME KIND OF
- 00:35:51.338 --> 00:35:53.640
- HAVE SOME KIND OF RELIGIOUS CHURCH
- 00:35:53.640 --> 00:35:55.041
- RELIGIOUS CHURCH CONNECTION TO IT.
- 00:35:55.041 --> 00:35:56.142
- CONNECTION TO IT. IF WE REALLY ARE DISCIPLES
- 00:35:56.142 --> 00:35:56.876
- IF WE REALLY ARE DISCIPLES OF JESUS, WE'VE BEEN
- 00:35:56.876 --> 00:35:59.412
- OF JESUS, WE'VE BEEN TRANSFORMED.
- 00:35:59.412 --> 00:36:00.447
- TRANSFORMED. IN THAT TRANSFORMATION, WE
- 00:36:00.447 --> 00:36:01.815
- IN THAT TRANSFORMATION, WE HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO
- 00:36:01.815 --> 00:36:04.084
- HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO BE NOT OUR BROTHER'S
- 00:36:04.084 --> 00:36:04.751
- BE NOT OUR BROTHER'S KEEPER BUT OUR BROTHER'S
- 00:36:04.751 --> 00:36:06.853
- KEEPER BUT OUR BROTHER'S BROTHER.
- 00:36:06.853 --> 00:36:08.021
- BROTHER. - DENNIS: POPULIST
- 00:36:08.021 --> 00:36:08.788
- - DENNIS: POPULIST DENOMINATIONS LIKE THE
- 00:36:08.788 --> 00:36:09.389
- DENOMINATIONS LIKE THE METHODISTS AND BAPTISTS
- 00:36:09.389 --> 00:36:11.057
- METHODISTS AND BAPTISTS EXPLODE.
- 00:36:11.057 --> 00:36:12.259
- EXPLODE. THEY RACED FAR AHEAD OF
- 00:36:12.259 --> 00:36:12.726
- THEY RACED FAR AHEAD OF THE OLD ESTABLISHED
- 00:36:12.726 --> 00:36:14.561
- THE OLD ESTABLISHED CHURCHES.
- 00:36:14.561 --> 00:36:15.695
- CHURCHES. A BOLD NEW CHRISTIANITY
- 00:36:15.695 --> 00:36:16.630
- A BOLD NEW CHRISTIANITY EMERGES THAT IS
- 00:36:16.630 --> 00:36:17.597
- EMERGES THAT IS PASSIONATE, INNOVATIVE,
- 00:36:17.597 --> 00:36:20.133
- PASSIONATE, INNOVATIVE, AND ROBUST.
- 00:36:20.133 --> 00:36:21.334
- AND ROBUST. - MARK: THE KEY FIGURES
- 00:36:21.334 --> 00:36:22.902
- - MARK: THE KEY FIGURES FOR THE CHRISTIANIZATION
- 00:36:22.902 --> 00:36:23.937
- FOR THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION
- 00:36:23.937 --> 00:36:25.538
- OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION FROM THE TIME OF THE
- 00:36:25.538 --> 00:36:26.406
- FROM THE TIME OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION TO THE
- 00:36:26.406 --> 00:36:27.274
- AMERICAN REVOLUTION TO THE CIVIL WAR WERE THE
- 00:36:27.274 --> 00:36:28.241
- CIVIL WAR WERE THE METHODISTS.
- 00:36:28.241 --> 00:36:28.808
- METHODISTS. METHODISTS WERE NOT EVENT
- 00:36:28.808 --> 00:36:30.810
- METHODISTS WERE NOT EVENT PEOPLE.
- 00:36:30.810 --> 00:36:31.911
- PEOPLE. THEY WERE SLOGGERS OUT IN
- 00:36:31.911 --> 00:36:33.446
- THEY WERE SLOGGERS OUT IN THE COUNTRYSIDE, YEAR
- 00:36:33.446 --> 00:36:36.116
- THE COUNTRYSIDE, YEAR AFTER YEAR, WEEK AFTER
- 00:36:36.116 --> 00:36:37.317
- AFTER YEAR, WEEK AFTER WEEK, DAY AFTER DAY.
- 00:36:37.317 --> 00:36:39.452
- WEEK, DAY AFTER DAY. ASBURY TRAVELED AROUND THE
- 00:36:39.452 --> 00:36:41.021
- ASBURY TRAVELED AROUND THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
- 00:36:41.021 --> 00:36:43.423
- UNITED STATES AND CANADA ABOUT 40 TIMES, 300.000
- 00:36:43.423 --> 00:36:44.824
- ABOUT 40 TIMES, 300.000 MILES, JUST ROUGH, ROUGH
- 00:36:44.824 --> 00:36:46.893
- MILES, JUST ROUGH, ROUGH TRANSPORT.
- 00:36:46.893 --> 00:36:48.595
- TRANSPORT. EVERYWHERE HE WENT, HE WAS
- 00:36:48.595 --> 00:36:50.630
- EVERYWHERE HE WENT, HE WAS PREACHING A CONSISTENT
- 00:36:50.630 --> 00:36:51.364
- PREACHING A CONSISTENT MESSAGE OF GOD'S FREE
- 00:36:51.364 --> 00:36:54.234
- MESSAGE OF GOD'S FREE GRACE IN CHRIST.
- 00:36:54.234 --> 00:36:55.302
- GRACE IN CHRIST. AND ASBURY CAME TO THE
- 00:36:55.302 --> 00:36:57.070
- AND ASBURY CAME TO THE AMERICAN COLONIES IN 1771,
- 00:36:57.070 --> 00:36:57.904
- AMERICAN COLONIES IN 1771, DISPATCHED BY JOHN WESLEY
- 00:36:57.904 --> 00:36:59.506
- DISPATCHED BY JOHN WESLEY TO HELP THE METHODIST
- 00:36:59.506 --> 00:37:00.740
- TO HELP THE METHODIST MOVEMENT IN THE NEW WORLD.
- 00:37:00.740 --> 00:37:01.741
- MOVEMENT IN THE NEW WORLD. THERE WERE FOUR ACTIVE
- 00:37:01.741 --> 00:37:04.778
- THERE WERE FOUR ACTIVE METHODIST ITINERANTS,
- 00:37:04.778 --> 00:37:06.346
- METHODIST ITINERANTS, MAYBE 200 TO 300 ACTIVE
- 00:37:06.346 --> 00:37:08.415
- MAYBE 200 TO 300 ACTIVE METHODISTS.
- 00:37:08.415 --> 00:37:10.850
- METHODISTS. WHEN HE DIED IN 1816,
- 00:37:10.850 --> 00:37:12.185
- WHEN HE DIED IN 1816, ASBURY PASSED AWAY WITH
- 00:37:12.185 --> 00:37:14.387
- ASBURY PASSED AWAY WITH OVER 200.000 ACTIVE
- 00:37:14.387 --> 00:37:15.889
- OVER 200.000 ACTIVE METHODISTS, OVER 2.000
- 00:37:15.889 --> 00:37:17.957
- METHODISTS, OVER 2.000 ACTIVE METHODIST
- 00:37:17.957 --> 00:37:19.426
- ACTIVE METHODIST ITINERANTS, AND A VERY
- 00:37:19.426 --> 00:37:21.027
- ITINERANTS, AND A VERY SIGNIFICANT OUTREACH INTO
- 00:37:21.027 --> 00:37:24.497
- SIGNIFICANT OUTREACH INTO THE COMMUNITIES OF
- 00:37:24.497 --> 00:37:27.000
- THE COMMUNITIES OF ENSLAVED AND FREED
- 00:37:27.000 --> 00:37:29.636
- ENSLAVED AND FREED AFRICAN-AMERICANS.
- 00:37:29.636 --> 00:37:30.270
- AFRICAN-AMERICANS. - DENNIS: LITTLE
- 00:37:30.270 --> 00:37:31.237
- - DENNIS: LITTLE COMMUNITIES FORMED ACROSS
- 00:37:31.237 --> 00:37:33.039
- COMMUNITIES FORMED ACROSS THE FRONTIER, LIKE WEAVER,
- 00:37:33.039 --> 00:37:34.674
- THE FRONTIER, LIKE WEAVER, INDIANA, WHERE FREED BLACK
- 00:37:34.674 --> 00:37:36.643
- INDIANA, WHERE FREED BLACK SLAVES SETTLED AND WORKED
- 00:37:36.643 --> 00:37:39.112
- SLAVES SETTLED AND WORKED WITH WHITE ABOLITIONISTS.
- 00:37:39.112 --> 00:37:39.813
- WITH WHITE ABOLITIONISTS. [MUSIC]
- 00:37:39.813 --> 00:37:41.381
- [MUSIC] - JERRY: THIS IS ALL
- 00:37:41.381 --> 00:37:41.981
- - JERRY: THIS IS ALL THAT'S LEFT THOUGH.
- 00:37:41.981 --> 00:37:42.816
- THAT'S LEFT THOUGH. THERE'S 2.000 OR 2.500
- 00:37:42.816 --> 00:37:43.950
- THERE'S 2.000 OR 2.500 PEOPLE BURIED ON HALF AN
- 00:37:43.950 --> 00:37:44.718
- PEOPLE BURIED ON HALF AN ACRE HERE OF FREED MEN AND
- 00:37:44.718 --> 00:37:50.023
- ACRE HERE OF FREED MEN AND WOMEN.
- 00:37:50.023 --> 00:37:50.890
- WOMEN. FORMER SLAVES, CHILDREN OF
- 00:37:50.890 --> 00:37:52.325
- FORMER SLAVES, CHILDREN OF SLAVES, CAME TOGETHER AND
- 00:37:52.325 --> 00:37:54.094
- SLAVES, CAME TOGETHER AND FORMED A COMMUNITY.
- 00:37:54.094 --> 00:37:55.061
- FORMED A COMMUNITY. THEY BECAME BLACK
- 00:37:55.061 --> 00:37:55.528
- THEY BECAME BLACK ABOLITIONISTS TO
- 00:37:55.528 --> 00:37:56.896
- ABOLITIONISTS TO EXPERIENCE FREEDOM EVEN
- 00:37:56.896 --> 00:37:57.931
- EXPERIENCE FREEDOM EVEN THOUGH THERE WERE STILL LAWS.
- 00:37:57.931 --> 00:38:02.369
- THOUGH THERE WERE STILL LAWS. AND ALSO IN THE AREA ARE
- 00:38:02.369 --> 00:38:03.636
- AND ALSO IN THE AREA ARE SEVERAL HOMES FROM THE
- 00:38:03.636 --> 00:38:04.704
- SEVERAL HOMES FROM THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD THAT
- 00:38:04.704 --> 00:38:05.772
- UNDERGROUND RAILROAD THAT HAVE HIDDEN PASSAGES THAT
- 00:38:05.772 --> 00:38:07.340
- HAVE HIDDEN PASSAGES THAT YOU CAN GO AND SEE AND SEE
- 00:38:07.340 --> 00:38:09.309
- YOU CAN GO AND SEE AND SEE WHERE THESE SLAVES FOUND
- 00:38:09.309 --> 00:38:11.444
- WHERE THESE SLAVES FOUND HAVENS, SAFE HAVENS
- 00:38:11.444 --> 00:38:14.214
- HAVENS, SAFE HAVENS EN ROUTE TO FREEDOM.
- 00:38:14.214 --> 00:38:15.849
- EN ROUTE TO FREEDOM. [MUSIC]
- 00:38:15.849 --> 00:38:16.683
- [MUSIC] - KERSTEN BAYT PRIEST:
- 00:38:16.683 --> 00:38:18.318
- - KERSTEN BAYT PRIEST: THE ABOLITIONISTS WERE
- 00:38:18.318 --> 00:38:19.452
- THE ABOLITIONISTS WERE TRULY AN EXAMPLE, I THINK,
- 00:38:19.452 --> 00:38:20.820
- TRULY AN EXAMPLE, I THINK, THAT WE CAN LOOK BACK TO
- 00:38:20.820 --> 00:38:24.290
- THAT WE CAN LOOK BACK TO TODAY OF PERSONS WHO SAID,
- 00:38:24.290 --> 00:38:25.892
- TODAY OF PERSONS WHO SAID, "OUR CHRISTIAN FAITH HAS
- 00:38:25.892 --> 00:38:27.694
- "OUR CHRISTIAN FAITH HAS TO BE A FAITH OF ACTION."
- 00:38:27.694 --> 00:38:28.828
- TO BE A FAITH OF ACTION." THEY WOULD COMMUNICATE
- 00:38:28.828 --> 00:38:30.497
- THEY WOULD COMMUNICATE ACROSS RACIAL LINES.
- 00:38:30.497 --> 00:38:31.998
- ACROSS RACIAL LINES. THEY HAD NO PROBLEM WITH
- 00:38:31.998 --> 00:38:34.768
- THEY HAD NO PROBLEM WITH INTERRACIAL WORSHIP, BUT
- 00:38:34.768 --> 00:38:35.602
- INTERRACIAL WORSHIP, BUT DURING THE TIME OF
- 00:38:35.602 --> 00:38:37.070
- DURING THE TIME OF ABOLITION, BARRIERS WERE
- 00:38:37.070 --> 00:38:40.073
- ABOLITION, BARRIERS WERE BROKEN DOWN JUST AS JESUS
- 00:38:40.073 --> 00:38:41.007
- BROKEN DOWN JUST AS JESUS SAID, "IN ME, THERE WILL
- 00:38:41.007 --> 00:38:43.943
- THAT IS PART OF THE
- 00:38:45.779 --> 00:38:46.246
- THAT IS PART OF THE GOSPEL AT THE HEART
- 00:38:46.246 --> 00:38:46.813
- GOSPEL AT THE HEART OF IT, AND THESE
- 00:38:46.813 --> 00:38:48.815
- OF IT, AND THESE MAVERICKS UNDERSTOOD IT.
- 00:38:48.815 --> 00:38:55.522
- - DENNIS: THE SECOND
- 00:38:58.091 --> 00:38:59.392
- - DENNIS: THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING HAD A
- 00:38:59.392 --> 00:39:00.293
- GREAT AWAKENING HAD A BROADER REACH, OFFERING
- 00:39:00.293 --> 00:39:01.227
- BROADER REACH, OFFERING WOMEN AND
- 00:39:01.227 --> 00:39:01.928
- WOMEN AND AFRICAN-AMERICANS A PLACE
- 00:39:01.928 --> 00:39:02.495
- AFRICAN-AMERICANS A PLACE AT THE TABLE FOR THE FIRST
- 00:39:02.495 --> 00:39:04.464
- AT THE TABLE FOR THE FIRST TIME.
- 00:39:04.464 --> 00:39:05.765
- TIME. LEADING THE CHARGE WAS
- 00:39:05.765 --> 00:39:07.434
- LEADING THE CHARGE WAS EVANGELIST CHARLES FINNEY
- 00:39:07.434 --> 00:39:08.902
- EVANGELIST CHARLES FINNEY WITH A MAVERICK MESSAGE OF
- 00:39:08.902 --> 00:39:13.006
- WITH A MAVERICK MESSAGE OF FREEDOM FOR ALL.
- 00:39:13.006 --> 00:39:13.640
- FREEDOM FOR ALL. - TIMOTHY: CHARLES FINNEY
- 00:39:13.640 --> 00:39:14.741
- - TIMOTHY: CHARLES FINNEY IS A FASCINATING CHARACTER
- 00:39:14.741 --> 00:39:15.842
- IS A FASCINATING CHARACTER IN AMERICAN HISTORY.
- 00:39:15.842 --> 00:39:17.644
- IN AMERICAN HISTORY. HE IS A RADICAL
- 00:39:17.644 --> 00:39:18.745
- HE IS A RADICAL ABOLITIONIST WHERE SCARY
- 00:39:18.745 --> 00:39:22.449
- ABOLITIONIST WHERE SCARY PEOPLE IN A MID-19TH
- 00:39:22.449 --> 00:39:23.716
- PEOPLE IN A MID-19TH CENTURY AMERICA IN WAYS
- 00:39:23.716 --> 00:39:24.851
- CENTURY AMERICA IN WAYS THAT WE CAN'T IMAGINE.
- 00:39:24.851 --> 00:39:25.952
- THAT WE CAN'T IMAGINE. EVEN IN THE NORTH, THERE
- 00:39:25.952 --> 00:39:28.721
- EVEN IN THE NORTH, THERE WERE WHOLE DENOMINATIONS
- 00:39:28.721 --> 00:39:29.923
- WERE WHOLE DENOMINATIONS THAT FORBADE ANY MINISTER
- 00:39:29.923 --> 00:39:30.490
- THAT FORBADE ANY MINISTER FOR BEING AN ABOLITIONIST.
- 00:39:30.490 --> 00:39:32.292
- FOR BEING AN ABOLITIONIST. THEY KIND OF THOUGHT
- 00:39:32.292 --> 00:39:33.326
- THEY KIND OF THOUGHT OFTEN, "WELL, WE HOPE
- 00:39:33.326 --> 00:39:34.828
- OFTEN, "WELL, WE HOPE SLAVERY WILL END GRADUALLY.
- 00:39:34.828 --> 00:39:35.361
- SLAVERY WILL END GRADUALLY. IT'S NOT A GOOD THING."
- 00:39:35.361 --> 00:39:37.130
- IT'S NOT A GOOD THING." BUT ANYBODY WHO WANTS TO
- 00:39:37.130 --> 00:39:37.764
- BUT ANYBODY WHO WANTS TO END IT IMMEDIATELY IS JUST
- 00:39:37.764 --> 00:39:39.032
- END IT IMMEDIATELY IS JUST A, KIND OF, LIKE,
- 00:39:39.032 --> 00:39:40.033
- A, KIND OF, LIKE, BOMB-THROWING RADICAL,
- 00:39:40.033 --> 00:39:41.534
- BOMB-THROWING RADICAL, CRAZY PERSON.
- 00:39:41.534 --> 00:39:42.469
- CRAZY PERSON. BUT FINNEY WAS LIKE, "NO,
- 00:39:42.469 --> 00:39:43.436
- BUT FINNEY WAS LIKE, "NO, THAT'S WHAT THE GOSPEL DEMANDS."
- 00:39:43.436 --> 00:39:45.171
- THAT'S WHAT THE GOSPEL DEMANDS." AND HE SAID THAT "REVIVAL
- 00:39:45.171 --> 00:39:46.439
- AND HE SAID THAT "REVIVAL IS HINDERED WHENEVER MINISTERS
- 00:39:46.439 --> 00:39:49.242
- IS HINDERED WHENEVER MINISTERS OR CHURCHES TAKE A WRONG
- 00:39:49.242 --> 00:39:50.577
- OR CHURCHES TAKE A WRONG GROUND ON AN ISSUE OF
- 00:39:50.577 --> 00:39:52.078
- GROUND ON AN ISSUE OF HUMAN RIGHTS."
- 00:39:52.078 --> 00:39:52.679
- HUMAN RIGHTS." - CHARLES FINNEY: A DIVINE
- 00:39:52.679 --> 00:39:53.947
- - CHARLES FINNEY: A DIVINE INFLUENCE PERVADES THE LAND,
- 00:39:53.947 --> 00:39:55.915
- INFLUENCE PERVADES THE LAND, AND SLAVERY SEEMS TO SHUT IT
- 00:39:55.915 --> 00:39:58.518
- AND SLAVERY SEEMS TO SHUT IT OUT FROM THE SOUTH.
- 00:39:58.518 --> 00:40:00.587
- OUT FROM THE SOUTH. [MUSIC]
- 00:40:00.587 --> 00:40:05.825
- [MUSIC] [VOCALIZING]
- 00:40:05.825 --> 00:40:06.993
- [VOCALIZING] - DENNIS: FINNEY'S
- 00:40:06.993 --> 00:40:07.994
- - DENNIS: FINNEY'S TEACHINGS LED TO THE
- 00:40:07.994 --> 00:40:09.262
- TEACHINGS LED TO THE EVANGELIZATION OF SLAVES,
- 00:40:09.262 --> 00:40:10.697
- EVANGELIZATION OF SLAVES, BLACK AND WHITE
- 00:40:10.697 --> 00:40:11.698
- BLACK AND WHITE ABOLITIONISTS WORKING
- 00:40:11.698 --> 00:40:13.733
- ABOLITIONISTS WORKING TOGETHER AND BREAKING THE
- 00:40:13.733 --> 00:40:15.602
- TOGETHER AND BREAKING THE LAW TO SET CAPTIVES FREE.
- 00:40:15.602 --> 00:40:16.169
- LAW TO SET CAPTIVES FREE. THIS IS TRULY THE STUFF OF
- 00:40:16.169 --> 00:40:18.638
- THIS IS TRULY THE STUFF OF MAVERICKS.
- 00:40:18.638 --> 00:40:20.173
- MAVERICKS. [MUSIC]
- 00:40:20.173 --> 00:40:29.582
- - ANNEKE SLASSON: WHEN I
- 00:40:30.917 --> 00:40:31.985
- - ANNEKE SLASSON: WHEN I THINK ABOUT SOME OF THESE
- 00:40:31.985 --> 00:40:32.585
- THINK ABOUT SOME OF THESE WOMEN IN THE FIRST GREAT
- 00:40:32.585 --> 00:40:33.720
- WOMEN IN THE FIRST GREAT AWAKENING OR THE SECOND
- 00:40:33.720 --> 00:40:34.287
- AWAKENING OR THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING, YOU COULD
- 00:40:34.287 --> 00:40:35.955
- GREAT AWAKENING, YOU COULD CALL THEM MAVERICKS, AND
- 00:40:35.955 --> 00:40:36.589
- CALL THEM MAVERICKS, AND THEY GET BAD-MOUTHED, AND
- 00:40:36.589 --> 00:40:37.390
- THEY GET BAD-MOUTHED, AND THEY GET ATTACKED BY
- 00:40:37.390 --> 00:40:39.325
- THERE'S WHITE WOMEN;
- 00:40:40.560 --> 00:40:41.594
- THERE'S WHITE WOMEN; THERE'S BLACK WOMEN DOING
- 00:40:41.594 --> 00:40:42.128
- THERE'S BLACK WOMEN DOING THIS IN THE SECOND GREAT
- 00:40:42.128 --> 00:40:43.129
- THIS IN THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING.
- 00:40:43.129 --> 00:40:43.630
- AWAKENING. OF COURSE, IF YOU'RE A
- 00:40:43.630 --> 00:40:44.330
- OF COURSE, IF YOU'RE A BLACK WOMAN, NOT ONLY DO
- 00:40:44.330 --> 00:40:45.498
- BLACK WOMAN, NOT ONLY DO YOU HAVE THE FACT THAT
- 00:40:45.498 --> 00:40:46.699
- YOU HAVE THE FACT THAT YOU'RE A WOMAN SPEAKING UP
- 00:40:46.699 --> 00:40:47.600
- YOU'RE A WOMAN SPEAKING UP IN A SOCIETY THAT THINKS
- 00:40:47.600 --> 00:40:48.601
- IN A SOCIETY THAT THINKS ONLY MEN SHOULD BE
- 00:40:48.601 --> 00:40:49.335
- ONLY MEN SHOULD BE PREACHING, BUT YOU'RE ALSO
- 00:40:49.335 --> 00:40:50.870
- PREACHING, BUT YOU'RE ALSO BLACK IN A SOCIETY THAT
- 00:40:50.870 --> 00:40:51.771
- BLACK IN A SOCIETY THAT MEANS THAT THAT'S ANOTHER
- 00:40:51.771 --> 00:40:52.872
- MEANS THAT THAT'S ANOTHER COUNT AGAINST YOU.
- 00:40:52.872 --> 00:40:54.140
- COUNT AGAINST YOU. SO, ALL THE MORE, THESE
- 00:40:54.140 --> 00:40:56.042
- SO, ALL THE MORE, THESE BLACK WOMEN PREACHERS OF
- 00:40:56.042 --> 00:40:57.777
- BLACK WOMEN PREACHERS OF THE TIME, JARENA LEE,
- 00:40:57.777 --> 00:40:59.445
- THE TIME, JARENA LEE, SOJOURNER TRUTH, THESE
- 00:40:59.445 --> 00:41:01.080
- SOJOURNER TRUTH, THESE WOMEN WERE REALLY
- 00:41:01.080 --> 00:41:03.082
- - DENNIS: ANOTHER
- 00:41:04.751 --> 00:41:05.885
- - DENNIS: ANOTHER YOUNG
- 00:41:05.885 --> 00:41:06.419
- YOUNG AFRICAN-AMERICAN
- 00:41:06.419 --> 00:41:06.953
- AFRICAN-AMERICAN MAVERICK WAS
- 00:41:06.953 --> 00:41:07.453
- MAVERICK WAS INSPIRED BY
- 00:41:07.453 --> 00:41:07.854
- INSPIRED BY THOSE BLACK
- 00:41:07.854 --> 00:41:08.454
- THOSE BLACK WOMEN PREACHERS.
- 00:41:08.454 --> 00:41:09.155
- WOMEN PREACHERS. HARRIET TUBMAN
- 00:41:09.155 --> 00:41:09.989
- HARRIET TUBMAN HAD BEEN A
- 00:41:09.989 --> 00:41:10.590
- HAD BEEN A SLAVE BUT NEVER
- 00:41:10.590 --> 00:41:13.192
- ARMED WITH DIVINE GUIDANCE
- 00:41:14.394 --> 00:41:15.161
- ARMED WITH DIVINE GUIDANCE AND A GUN, SHE LED MANY OF
- 00:41:15.161 --> 00:41:15.695
- AND A GUN, SHE LED MANY OF HER BROTHERS AND SISTERS
- 00:41:15.695 --> 00:41:20.066
- HER BROTHERS AND SISTERS INTO FREEDOM.
- 00:41:20.066 --> 00:41:21.401
- INTO FREEDOM. - KERSTEN: HARRIET TUBMAN
- 00:41:21.401 --> 00:41:23.069
- - KERSTEN: HARRIET TUBMAN WAS CALLED BY THE PEOPLE
- 00:41:23.069 --> 00:41:24.237
- WAS CALLED BY THE PEOPLE WHO KNEW HER THE "MOSES OF
- 00:41:24.237 --> 00:41:26.039
- WHO KNEW HER THE "MOSES OF HER PEOPLE."
- 00:41:26.039 --> 00:41:28.007
- HER PEOPLE." SHE WAS A PHENOMENAL PERSON.
- 00:41:28.007 --> 00:41:29.676
- SHE WAS A PHENOMENAL PERSON. THIS YOUNG WOMAN COMES TO
- 00:41:29.676 --> 00:41:32.912
- THIS YOUNG WOMAN COMES TO FAITH AND REALIZES "GOD'S
- 00:41:32.912 --> 00:41:34.681
- FAITH AND REALIZES "GOD'S GOT SOMETHING GREAT,"
- 00:41:34.681 --> 00:41:35.715
- GOT SOMETHING GREAT," AND SHE KNOWS SHE'S CALLED
- 00:41:35.715 --> 00:41:36.950
- AND SHE KNOWS SHE'S CALLED TO BE THE PERSON WHO WAS
- 00:41:36.950 --> 00:41:38.518
- TO BE THE PERSON WHO WAS GOING TO HELP LEAD NOT
- 00:41:38.518 --> 00:41:39.819
- GOING TO HELP LEAD NOT JUST HERSELF OUT OF
- 00:41:39.819 --> 00:41:41.120
- JUST HERSELF OUT OF SLAVERY, BUT THEN TO GO
- 00:41:41.120 --> 00:41:42.522
- SLAVERY, BUT THEN TO GO BACK, GET HER BROTHERS,
- 00:41:42.522 --> 00:41:43.222
- BACK, GET HER BROTHERS, GET HER SISTERS, GET THOSE
- 00:41:43.222 --> 00:41:44.791
- GET HER SISTERS, GET THOSE CHILDREN, AND THEN THE
- 00:41:44.791 --> 00:41:47.126
- CHILDREN, AND THEN THE NEIGHBORS AND FRIENDS.
- 00:41:47.126 --> 00:41:48.461
- NEIGHBORS AND FRIENDS. WHEN HARRIET CROSSED OVER
- 00:41:48.461 --> 00:41:51.831
- WHEN HARRIET CROSSED OVER ACROSS THE BORDER,
- 00:41:51.831 --> 00:41:52.532
- ACROSS THE BORDER, ACROSS THE WATERS INTO
- 00:41:52.532 --> 00:41:53.900
- ACROSS THE WATERS INTO PENNSYLVANIA, SHE REALIZED
- 00:41:53.900 --> 00:41:56.736
- PENNSYLVANIA, SHE REALIZED SHE NOW WAS STANDING ON
- 00:41:56.736 --> 00:41:57.937
- SHE NOW WAS STANDING ON THE GROUND WITH THE SUN
- 00:41:57.937 --> 00:42:01.407
- THE GROUND WITH THE SUN SHINING HER AS A FREE
- 00:42:01.407 --> 00:42:02.008
- SHINING HER AS A FREE PERSON, NO LONGER A SLAVE.
- 00:42:02.008 --> 00:42:03.543
- PERSON, NO LONGER A SLAVE. BUT IT WASN'T VERY LONG
- 00:42:03.543 --> 00:42:04.510
- BUT IT WASN'T VERY LONG AFTER THAT, THAT SHE
- 00:42:04.510 --> 00:42:06.379
- AFTER THAT, THAT SHE STARTED TO REALIZE--
- 00:42:06.379 --> 00:42:07.113
- STARTED TO REALIZE-- - HARRIET TUBMAN: I HAD
- 00:42:07.113 --> 00:42:09.482
- - HARRIET TUBMAN: I HAD CROSSED THE LINE.
- 00:42:09.482 --> 00:42:11.317
- CROSSED THE LINE. I WAS FREE, BUT THERE WAS
- 00:42:11.317 --> 00:42:12.018
- I WAS FREE, BUT THERE WAS NO ONE TO WELCOME ME TO
- 00:42:12.018 --> 00:42:14.854
- NO ONE TO WELCOME ME TO THE LAND OF FREEDOM.
- 00:42:14.854 --> 00:42:16.122
- THE LAND OF FREEDOM. I WAS A STRANGER IN A
- 00:42:16.122 --> 00:42:18.157
- I WAS A STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND, AND MY HOME,
- 00:42:18.157 --> 00:42:19.626
- STRANGE LAND, AND MY HOME, AFTER ALL, WAS DOWN IN
- 00:42:19.626 --> 00:42:21.294
- AFTER ALL, WAS DOWN IN MARYLAND BECAUSE MY
- 00:42:21.294 --> 00:42:22.595
- MARYLAND BECAUSE MY FATHER, MY MOTHER, MY
- 00:42:22.595 --> 00:42:25.298
- FATHER, MY MOTHER, MY BROTHERS AND SISTERS AND
- 00:42:25.298 --> 00:42:26.666
- BROTHERS AND SISTERS AND FRIENDS WERE THERE, BUT I
- 00:42:26.666 --> 00:42:28.434
- FRIENDS WERE THERE, BUT I WAS FREE, AND THEY SHOULD
- 00:42:28.434 --> 00:42:32.038
- WAS FREE, AND THEY SHOULD BE FREE.
- 00:42:32.038 --> 00:42:33.406
- BE FREE. - KERSTEN: THERE WAS A
- 00:42:33.406 --> 00:42:34.007
- - KERSTEN: THERE WAS A DEATH, AND SHE KNEW SHE
- 00:42:34.007 --> 00:42:35.408
- DEATH, AND SHE KNEW SHE HAD TO GO BACK.
- 00:42:35.408 --> 00:42:36.242
- HAD TO GO BACK. AND SO, YES, SHE RISKED
- 00:42:36.242 --> 00:42:38.778
- AND SO, YES, SHE RISKED HER OWN FREEDOM TO GO BACK
- 00:42:38.778 --> 00:42:41.547
- HER OWN FREEDOM TO GO BACK AGAIN AND AGAIN.
- 00:42:41.547 --> 00:42:42.849
- AGAIN AND AGAIN. - SARAH: I THINK SOME
- 00:42:42.849 --> 00:42:43.683
- - SARAH: I THINK SOME PEOPLE JUST GOT TO THE
- 00:42:43.683 --> 00:42:44.684
- PEOPLE JUST GOT TO THE POINT WHERE THEY WOULD
- 00:42:44.684 --> 00:42:46.252
- POINT WHERE THEY WOULD RATHER DIE THAN REMAIN IN
- 00:42:46.252 --> 00:42:48.221
- RATHER DIE THAN REMAIN IN BONDAGE.
- 00:42:48.221 --> 00:42:49.555
- BONDAGE. THEY WOULD RATHER TAKE
- 00:42:49.555 --> 00:42:51.624
- THEY WOULD RATHER TAKE THEIR CHANCE ON BEING FREE
- 00:42:51.624 --> 00:42:53.960
- THEIR CHANCE ON BEING FREE THAN REMAIN IN BONDAGE.
- 00:42:53.960 --> 00:42:55.595
- THAN REMAIN IN BONDAGE. - MALE: THERE ARE VARIOUS
- 00:42:55.595 --> 00:42:56.663
- - MALE: THERE ARE VARIOUS NUMBERS ON HOW MANY SLAVES
- 00:42:56.663 --> 00:42:58.131
- NUMBERS ON HOW MANY SLAVES HARRIET TUBMAN LED TO
- 00:42:58.131 --> 00:43:00.566
- HARRIET TUBMAN LED TO THEIR FREEDOM, AT LEAST
- 00:43:00.566 --> 00:43:01.768
- THEIR FREEDOM, AT LEAST 70, AND SOME ACCOUNTS GO
- 00:43:01.768 --> 00:43:03.269
- 70, AND SOME ACCOUNTS GO TO 300, PLUS THOSE OF THE
- 00:43:03.269 --> 00:43:04.837
- TO 300, PLUS THOSE OF THE RAID IN SOUTH CAROLINA
- 00:43:04.837 --> 00:43:08.041
- RAID IN SOUTH CAROLINA THAT FREED OVER 700.
- 00:43:08.041 --> 00:43:09.075
- THAT FREED OVER 700. - FEMALE: THE
- 00:43:09.075 --> 00:43:09.809
- - FEMALE: THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD WAS
- 00:43:09.809 --> 00:43:12.879
- UNDERGROUND RAILROAD WAS THIS INCREDIBLY DENSE
- 00:43:12.879 --> 00:43:14.147
- THIS INCREDIBLY DENSE NETWORK, ACTUALLY, OF
- 00:43:14.147 --> 00:43:15.181
- NETWORK, ACTUALLY, OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS,
- 00:43:15.181 --> 00:43:17.216
- COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, PEOPLE PASSING
- 00:43:17.216 --> 00:43:17.917
- PEOPLE PASSING INFORMATION, AND THEN SAFE
- 00:43:17.917 --> 00:43:20.019
- INFORMATION, AND THEN SAFE HOUSES.
- 00:43:20.019 --> 00:43:20.853
- HOUSES. - JERRY: HERE WE ARE AT
- 00:43:20.853 --> 00:43:21.654
- - JERRY: HERE WE ARE AT ONE OF THE REMAINING
- 00:43:21.654 --> 00:43:22.689
- ONE OF THE REMAINING UNDERGROUND RAILROAD HOMES
- 00:43:22.689 --> 00:43:23.356
- UNDERGROUND RAILROAD HOMES NOT FAR FROM WEAVER, INDIANA.
- 00:43:23.356 --> 00:43:26.726
- NOT FAR FROM WEAVER, INDIANA. WHAT'S SPECIAL ABOUT THIS
- 00:43:26.726 --> 00:43:27.527
- WHAT'S SPECIAL ABOUT THIS HOME IS THE OWNERS FOUND
- 00:43:27.527 --> 00:43:29.095
- HOME IS THE OWNERS FOUND ONE OF THE HIDING PLACES
- 00:43:29.095 --> 00:43:30.797
- ONE OF THE HIDING PLACES UNDERNEATH A SAFE IN THE
- 00:43:30.797 --> 00:43:34.200
- UNDERNEATH A SAFE IN THE CLOSET, AND THERE'S ENOUGH
- 00:43:34.200 --> 00:43:35.201
- CLOSET, AND THERE'S ENOUGH ROOM UNDERNEATH THIS HOLE
- 00:43:35.201 --> 00:43:38.504
- ROOM UNDERNEATH THIS HOLE FOR TEN PEOPLE TO HIDE,
- 00:43:38.504 --> 00:43:42.475
- FOR TEN PEOPLE TO HIDE, AND IT'S SEALED BY CEMENT
- 00:43:42.475 --> 00:43:45.645
- AND IT'S SEALED BY CEMENT AND ROCKS IN THIS SPACE,
- 00:43:45.645 --> 00:43:46.846
- AND ROCKS IN THIS SPACE, WHICH IS COMPLETELY SEALED
- 00:43:46.846 --> 00:43:47.447
- WHICH IS COMPLETELY SEALED BY BRICKS SO DOGS COULD
- 00:43:47.447 --> 00:43:50.083
- BY BRICKS SO DOGS COULD NOT SNIFF THEM.
- 00:43:50.083 --> 00:43:50.783
- NOT SNIFF THEM. THESE SLAVES WERE PROTECTED
- 00:43:50.783 --> 00:43:53.386
- THESE SLAVES WERE PROTECTED EN ROUTE TO FREEDOM.
- 00:43:53.386 --> 00:43:55.555
- EN ROUTE TO FREEDOM. [MUSIC]
- 00:43:55.555 --> 00:43:56.556
- [MUSIC] - KERSTEN: SO AS HARRIET
- 00:43:56.556 --> 00:43:58.024
- - KERSTEN: SO AS HARRIET WOULD BE LEADING PEOPLE,
- 00:43:58.024 --> 00:43:59.258
- WOULD BE LEADING PEOPLE, SHE WOULD BE FOLLOWING
- 00:43:59.258 --> 00:44:00.626
- SHE WOULD BE FOLLOWING WATER BECAUSE IT WOULD BE
- 00:44:00.626 --> 00:44:03.529
- WATER BECAUSE IT WOULD BE THE BEST WAY TO PROTECT,
- 00:44:03.529 --> 00:44:04.063
- THE BEST WAY TO PROTECT, ESPECIALLY IF YOU HAD A
- 00:44:04.063 --> 00:44:05.364
- ESPECIALLY IF YOU HAD A LARGE GROUP.
- 00:44:05.364 --> 00:44:05.932
- LARGE GROUP. SHE HAD SOMETIMES UP TO
- 00:44:05.932 --> 00:44:07.100
- SHE HAD SOMETIMES UP TO 11 PEOPLE WITH HER.
- 00:44:07.100 --> 00:44:08.901
- 11 PEOPLE WITH HER. IF YOU HEARD DOGS, YOU
- 00:44:08.901 --> 00:44:10.036
- IF YOU HEARD DOGS, YOU COULD GO STRAIGHT DOWN
- 00:44:10.036 --> 00:44:11.270
- COULD GO STRAIGHT DOWN INTO THAT WATER, AND IF
- 00:44:11.270 --> 00:44:12.438
- INTO THAT WATER, AND IF YOU COULD GET EVERYBODY IN
- 00:44:12.438 --> 00:44:13.306
- YOU COULD GET EVERYBODY IN THE WATER AND WALK DOWN
- 00:44:13.306 --> 00:44:14.607
- THE WATER AND WALK DOWN THE WATER, GET OUT, YOU'D
- 00:44:14.607 --> 00:44:16.042
- THE WATER, GET OUT, YOU'D BE SAFE.
- 00:44:16.042 --> 00:44:18.077
- BE SAFE. THE DOGS WOULD BE LOST.
- 00:44:18.077 --> 00:44:20.279
- THE DOGS WOULD BE LOST. THEY COULDN'T FIND YOU.
- 00:44:20.279 --> 00:44:20.713
- THEY COULDN'T FIND YOU. [MUSIC]
- 00:44:20.713 --> 00:44:23.449
- [MUSIC] ♪ IN THE WATER
- 00:44:23.449 --> 00:44:24.517
- ♪ IN THE WATER - KERSTEN: THE SPIRITUALS,
- 00:44:24.517 --> 00:44:26.986
- - KERSTEN: THE SPIRITUALS, OF COURSE, WERE PART
- 00:44:26.986 --> 00:44:28.054
- OF COURSE, WERE PART OF HARRIET.
- 00:44:28.054 --> 00:44:28.821
- OF HARRIET. SHE WAS ILLITERATE, BUT
- 00:44:28.821 --> 00:44:30.523
- SHE WAS ILLITERATE, BUT SHE HEARD THE SCRIPTURES,
- 00:44:30.523 --> 00:44:31.891
- SHE HEARD THE SCRIPTURES, AND SHE INCORPORATED THEM
- 00:44:31.891 --> 00:44:33.359
- AND SHE INCORPORATED THEM INTO HER SPIRITUAL LIFE IN
- 00:44:33.359 --> 00:44:36.028
- INTO HER SPIRITUAL LIFE IN MUSIC AND USED IT AS A
- 00:44:36.028 --> 00:44:38.064
- MUSIC AND USED IT AS A VERY SOPHISTICATED CODING
- 00:44:38.064 --> 00:44:39.966
- VERY SOPHISTICATED CODING SYSTEM TO LET PEOPLE KNOW,
- 00:44:39.966 --> 00:44:42.201
- SYSTEM TO LET PEOPLE KNOW, "IT'S OKAY.
- 00:44:42.201 --> 00:44:44.137
- "IT'S OKAY. YOU CAN COME ON."
- 00:44:44.137 --> 00:44:47.406
- YOU CAN COME ON." [MUSIC]
- 00:44:47.406 --> 00:44:48.775
- [MUSIC] ♪ IN THE WATER
- 00:44:48.775 --> 00:44:49.342
- ♪ IN THE WATER - KERSTEN: AND SHE WOULD
- 00:44:49.342 --> 00:44:50.076
- - KERSTEN: AND SHE WOULD SING IT A FEW TIMES, AND
- 00:44:50.076 --> 00:44:50.643
- SING IT A FEW TIMES, AND PEOPLE WOULD KNOW, "OKAY,
- 00:44:50.643 --> 00:44:51.277
- PEOPLE WOULD KNOW, "OKAY, IT'S SAFE TO COME ALONG NOW."
- 00:44:51.277 --> 00:44:51.811
- IT'S SAFE TO COME ALONG NOW." AND, OF COURSE,
- 00:44:51.811 --> 00:44:53.212
- AND, OF COURSE, "WADE IN THE WATER," THAT
- 00:44:53.212 --> 00:44:56.516
- "WADE IN THE WATER," THAT IS ONE OF THE MOST ICONIC
- 00:44:56.516 --> 00:44:57.917
- IS ONE OF THE MOST ICONIC SONGS FROM ABOLITION, AND
- 00:44:57.917 --> 00:44:59.318
- SONGS FROM ABOLITION, AND SHE WOULD SING THAT TO
- 00:44:59.318 --> 00:45:01.587
- SHE WOULD SING THAT TO JUST HELP THE PEOPLE KNOW,
- 00:45:01.587 --> 00:45:02.622
- JUST HELP THE PEOPLE KNOW, "YOU GO IN THE WATER.
- 00:45:02.622 --> 00:45:04.857
- "YOU GO IN THE WATER. IT'S ALL RIGHT."
- 00:45:04.857 --> 00:45:06.225
- IT'S ALL RIGHT." [MUSIC]
- 00:45:06.225 --> 00:45:06.793
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: HARRIET CARRIED
- 00:45:06.793 --> 00:45:08.261
- - DENNIS: HARRIET CARRIED A GUN AS PROTECTION
- 00:45:08.261 --> 00:45:09.662
- A GUN AS PROTECTION AGAINST SLAVE TRADERS AND
- 00:45:09.662 --> 00:45:10.663
- AGAINST SLAVE TRADERS AND THEIR DOGS, BUT SHE ALSO
- 00:45:10.663 --> 00:45:12.732
- THEIR DOGS, BUT SHE ALSO CARRIED A GUN IN CASE OF
- 00:45:12.732 --> 00:45:14.300
- CARRIED A GUN IN CASE OF ONE OF HER PASSENGERS HAD
- 00:45:14.300 --> 00:45:16.803
- ONE OF HER PASSENGERS HAD A CHANGE OF HEART.
- 00:45:16.803 --> 00:45:18.738
- A CHANGE OF HEART. THIS WAS ONE TOUGH WOMAN,
- 00:45:18.738 --> 00:45:19.806
- THIS WAS ONE TOUGH WOMAN, AND NOTHING WAS GOING TO
- 00:45:19.806 --> 00:45:21.774
- AND NOTHING WAS GOING TO STOP HER AND HER MISSION.
- 00:45:21.774 --> 00:45:22.308
- STOP HER AND HER MISSION. - KERSTEN: SHE HAD TO
- 00:45:22.308 --> 00:45:24.210
- - KERSTEN: SHE HAD TO PROTECT THE PEOPLE SHE WAS
- 00:45:24.210 --> 00:45:25.711
- PROTECT THE PEOPLE SHE WAS LEADING, AND AT THE SAME
- 00:45:25.711 --> 00:45:26.479
- LEADING, AND AT THE SAME TIME, SHE HAD TO MOVE
- 00:45:26.479 --> 00:45:30.783
- TIME, SHE HAD TO MOVE THEM, AND IN THAT PROCESS,
- 00:45:30.783 --> 00:45:31.350
- THEM, AND IN THAT PROCESS, SHE WOULD CARRY A GUN WITH
- 00:45:31.350 --> 00:45:33.352
- SHE WOULD CARRY A GUN WITH HER, AND SHE LET THEM
- 00:45:33.352 --> 00:45:34.020
- HER, AND SHE LET THEM KNOW, "IF YOU DO NOT
- 00:45:34.020 --> 00:45:35.221
- KNOW, "IF YOU DO NOT CONTINUE, YOU WILL BE
- 00:45:35.221 --> 00:45:37.723
- CONTINUE, YOU WILL BE SHOT," BECAUSE EVERYONE
- 00:45:37.723 --> 00:45:39.058
- SHOT," BECAUSE EVERYONE ELSE'S FUTURE DEPENDED ON
- 00:45:39.058 --> 00:45:40.860
- ELSE'S FUTURE DEPENDED ON EVERY INDIVIDUAL GOING
- 00:45:40.860 --> 00:45:44.564
- EVERY INDIVIDUAL GOING ALONG TOGETHER.
- 00:45:44.564 --> 00:45:45.398
- ALONG TOGETHER. BUT PEOPLE TRULY DID TRUST
- 00:45:45.398 --> 00:45:47.333
- BUT PEOPLE TRULY DID TRUST HER.
- 00:45:47.333 --> 00:45:48.234
- HER. THE BEATINGS THAT HARRIET
- 00:45:48.234 --> 00:45:50.803
- THE BEATINGS THAT HARRIET HAD WERE HORRIFIC.
- 00:45:50.803 --> 00:45:52.371
- HAD WERE HORRIFIC. SHE HAD MULTIPLE BEATINGS,
- 00:45:52.371 --> 00:45:54.140
- SHE HAD MULTIPLE BEATINGS, AND SHE WOULD ACTUALLY
- 00:45:54.140 --> 00:45:55.775
- AND SHE WOULD ACTUALLY PULL DOWN HER DRESS AND
- 00:45:55.775 --> 00:45:56.409
- PULL DOWN HER DRESS AND SHOW WHAT HER SCARS
- 00:45:56.409 --> 00:45:57.977
- SHOW WHAT HER SCARS LOOKED LIKE.
- 00:45:57.977 --> 00:45:59.111
- LOOKED LIKE. HARRIET IS A TREMENDOUS
- 00:45:59.111 --> 00:46:01.447
- HARRIET IS A TREMENDOUS MAVERICK.
- 00:46:01.447 --> 00:46:04.750
- MAVERICK. THERE WERE A FEW PEOPLE IN
- 00:46:04.750 --> 00:46:05.518
- THERE WERE A FEW PEOPLE IN HER PERIOD OF TIME AND
- 00:46:05.518 --> 00:46:08.554
- HER PERIOD OF TIME AND REALLY IN ANY TIME THAT
- 00:46:08.554 --> 00:46:09.255
- REALLY IN ANY TIME THAT HAD THIS KIND OF BRAVERY
- 00:46:09.255 --> 00:46:12.291
- "WE CAN TRUST GOD TO THE
- 00:46:13.726 --> 00:46:16.362
- "WE CAN TRUST GOD TO THE LEVEL OF OUR LIVES AND THE
- 00:46:16.362 --> 00:46:18.998
- WE CAN TRUST IN GOD AND
- 00:46:21.033 --> 00:46:21.801
- WE CAN TRUST IN GOD AND JUST GO FORWARD."
- 00:46:21.801 --> 00:46:22.368
- JUST GO FORWARD." - DENNIS: BLACK CHURCHES
- 00:46:22.368 --> 00:46:24.136
- - DENNIS: BLACK CHURCHES COVER THE SOUTHERN LANDSCAPE.
- 00:46:24.136 --> 00:46:24.971
- COVER THE SOUTHERN LANDSCAPE. FAITH PLAYS AN IMPORTANT
- 00:46:24.971 --> 00:46:25.838
- FAITH PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE LIVES OF
- 00:46:25.838 --> 00:46:27.373
- ROLE IN THE LIVES OF MILLIONS OF
- 00:46:27.373 --> 00:46:28.507
- MILLIONS OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILIES
- 00:46:28.507 --> 00:46:31.711
- AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILIES ACROSS THIS LAND TODAY,
- 00:46:31.711 --> 00:46:32.979
- ACROSS THIS LAND TODAY, WHICH BRINGS US TO A VERY
- 00:46:32.979 --> 00:46:35.882
- - SARAH: SO WHY THEN
- 00:46:37.750 --> 00:46:39.285
- - SARAH: SO WHY THEN WOULD A AFRICAN ENSLAVED
- 00:46:39.285 --> 00:46:41.254
- WOULD A AFRICAN ENSLAVED PERSON EVEN WANT TO
- 00:46:41.254 --> 00:46:43.589
- PERSON EVEN WANT TO EMBRACE A CHRISTIAN GOD?
- 00:46:43.589 --> 00:46:44.190
- EMBRACE A CHRISTIAN GOD? I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT
- 00:46:44.190 --> 00:46:47.393
- WE CAN SEE THE WAYS IN
- 00:46:49.061 --> 00:46:49.629
- WE CAN SEE THE WAYS IN WHICH THE THINGS THAT THE
- 00:46:49.629 --> 00:46:51.430
- WHICH THE THINGS THAT THE ENEMY INTENDS FOR HARM,
- 00:46:51.430 --> 00:46:53.966
- ENEMY INTENDS FOR HARM, THAT GOD CAN TURN THOSE
- 00:46:53.966 --> 00:46:55.868
- THAT GOD CAN TURN THOSE VERY THINGS AROUND FOR GOOD.
- 00:46:55.868 --> 00:46:58.671
- VERY THINGS AROUND FOR GOOD. - MARK: THE GREAT SCHOLAR
- 00:46:58.671 --> 00:46:59.572
- - MARK: THE GREAT SCHOLAR OF NAHMAN SANNA HAS
- 00:46:59.572 --> 00:47:00.473
- OF NAHMAN SANNA HAS POINTED OUT, ONCE THE
- 00:47:00.473 --> 00:47:01.774
- POINTED OUT, ONCE THE GOSPEL IS GIVEN TO A NEW
- 00:47:01.774 --> 00:47:02.642
- GOSPEL IS GIVEN TO A NEW GROUP OF PEOPLE, IT NO
- 00:47:02.642 --> 00:47:04.043
- GROUP OF PEOPLE, IT NO LONGER BELONGS TO THE ONES
- 00:47:04.043 --> 00:47:06.112
- LONGER BELONGS TO THE ONES WHO BROUGHT THE GOSPEL.
- 00:47:06.112 --> 00:47:06.646
- WHO BROUGHT THE GOSPEL. SO THERE ARE ELEMENTS IN
- 00:47:06.646 --> 00:47:07.280
- SO THERE ARE ELEMENTS IN THE CHRISTIAN FAITH THAT
- 00:47:07.280 --> 00:47:09.081
- THE CHRISTIAN FAITH THAT LATER AFRICAN SLAVES HEARD
- 00:47:09.081 --> 00:47:12.051
- LATER AFRICAN SLAVES HEARD AND SAW IN THE MESSAGE
- 00:47:12.051 --> 00:47:13.653
- AND SAW IN THE MESSAGE THAT WAS COMING FROM THE
- 00:47:13.653 --> 00:47:15.888
- THAT WAS COMING FROM THE EUROPEANS THAT MAYBE THE
- 00:47:15.888 --> 00:47:16.489
- EUROPEANS THAT MAYBE THE EUROPEANS WERE NOT EVEN
- 00:47:16.489 --> 00:47:17.857
- EUROPEANS WERE NOT EVEN AWARE WERE THERE.
- 00:47:17.857 --> 00:47:19.425
- AWARE WERE THERE. SO THE CHRISTIAN GOSPEL
- 00:47:19.425 --> 00:47:20.426
- SO THE CHRISTIAN GOSPEL WAS MORE THAN WHAT THE
- 00:47:20.426 --> 00:47:21.961
- WAS MORE THAN WHAT THE EUROPEANS KNEW THEY WERE
- 00:47:21.961 --> 00:47:24.563
- EUROPEANS KNEW THEY WERE COMMUNICATING.
- 00:47:24.563 --> 00:47:25.064
- COMMUNICATING. - SARAH: AND EVEN THE
- 00:47:25.064 --> 00:47:26.232
- - SARAH: AND EVEN THE NARRATIVES IN WHICH THOSE
- 00:47:26.232 --> 00:47:29.068
- NARRATIVES IN WHICH THOSE WHO WERE ENSLAVED LEANED
- 00:47:29.068 --> 00:47:32.238
- WHO WERE ENSLAVED LEANED ON SUCH AS THE EXODUS
- 00:47:32.238 --> 00:47:33.673
- ON SUCH AS THE EXODUS STORY, GOD ACTUALLY SENT
- 00:47:33.673 --> 00:47:36.375
- STORY, GOD ACTUALLY SENT MOSES DOWN-- EMPOWERED MOSES
- 00:47:36.375 --> 00:47:39.378
- MOSES DOWN-- EMPOWERED MOSES TO SAY, "LET MY PEOPLE GO
- 00:47:39.378 --> 00:47:41.180
- TO SAY, "LET MY PEOPLE GO FREE."
- 00:47:41.180 --> 00:47:41.647
- FREE." AND SO THIS IS THE
- 00:47:41.647 --> 00:47:42.181
- AND SO THIS IS THE GOD THAT THOSE WHO WERE
- 00:47:42.181 --> 00:47:44.750
- GOD THAT THOSE WHO WERE ENSLAVED WAS WORSHIPING THEY.
- 00:47:44.750 --> 00:47:45.318
- ENSLAVED WAS WORSHIPING THEY. THEY WEREN'T WORSHIPING A
- 00:47:45.318 --> 00:47:46.919
- THEY WEREN'T WORSHIPING A GOD THAT SAID THEY WERE
- 00:47:46.919 --> 00:47:49.588
- GOD THAT SAID THEY WERE NOT HUMAN.
- 00:47:49.588 --> 00:47:50.323
- NOT HUMAN. THEY WERE WORSHIPING A GOD
- 00:47:50.323 --> 00:47:52.325
- THEY WERE WORSHIPING A GOD THAT SAID, "YOU ARE HUMAN,
- 00:47:52.325 --> 00:47:53.559
- THAT SAID, "YOU ARE HUMAN, AND YOU ARE FREE.
- 00:47:53.559 --> 00:47:54.560
- AND YOU ARE FREE. YOU DESERVE TO BE FREE,
- 00:47:54.560 --> 00:47:56.429
- YOU DESERVE TO BE FREE, AND I'M ON YOUR SIDE.
- 00:47:56.429 --> 00:47:57.730
- AND I'M ON YOUR SIDE. I'M WITH YOU."
- 00:47:57.730 --> 00:47:59.031
- I'M WITH YOU." AND THAT'S WHY HARRIET TUBMAN
- 00:47:59.031 --> 00:48:02.234
- AND THAT'S WHY HARRIET TUBMAN COULD GO IS BECAUSE SHE
- 00:48:02.234 --> 00:48:03.035
- COULD GO IS BECAUSE SHE KNEW THAT GOD WAS
- 00:48:03.035 --> 00:48:03.769
- KNEW THAT GOD WAS ON HER SIDE,
- 00:48:03.769 --> 00:48:05.805
- - KAREN J. JOHNSON:
- 00:48:06.772 --> 00:48:07.306
- - KAREN J. JOHNSON: I THINK THAT IT'S
- 00:48:07.306 --> 00:48:08.240
- I THINK THAT IT'S THE HOLY SPIRIT THAT
- 00:48:08.240 --> 00:48:08.741
- THE HOLY SPIRIT THAT SPEAKS TO PEOPLE, SO WE
- 00:48:08.741 --> 00:48:10.543
- SPEAKS TO PEOPLE, SO WE CAN HEAR THE MESSAGE OF
- 00:48:10.543 --> 00:48:11.844
- CAN HEAR THE MESSAGE OF THE GOSPEL FROM SOMEONE
- 00:48:11.844 --> 00:48:13.379
- THE GOSPEL FROM SOMEONE WHO'S IMPERFECT, WHO'S
- 00:48:13.379 --> 00:48:14.080
- WHO'S IMPERFECT, WHO'S PART OF A SYSTEM THAT'S
- 00:48:14.080 --> 00:48:15.314
- PART OF A SYSTEM THAT'S WRONG AND UNJUST, BUT THE
- 00:48:15.314 --> 00:48:16.449
- WRONG AND UNJUST, BUT THE HOLY SPIRIT CAN SPEAK
- 00:48:16.449 --> 00:48:19.452
- AND IT CAN HELP PEOPLE SEE
- 00:48:21.354 --> 00:48:21.921
- AND IT CAN HELP PEOPLE SEE HOW THAT SYSTEM IS NOT THE
- 00:48:21.921 --> 00:48:23.856
- HOW THAT SYSTEM IS NOT THE TRUTH OF THE GOSPEL.
- 00:48:23.856 --> 00:48:25.291
- TRUTH OF THE GOSPEL. - SARAH: IT'S THE
- 00:48:25.291 --> 00:48:25.825
- - SARAH: IT'S THE PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP THAT
- 00:48:25.825 --> 00:48:26.859
- PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP THAT REALLY DOES APPEAL, I
- 00:48:26.859 --> 00:48:27.927
- REALLY DOES APPEAL, I THINK, WITHIN THE
- 00:48:27.927 --> 00:48:28.494
- THINK, WITHIN THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY
- 00:48:28.494 --> 00:48:31.030
- AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY THAT GOD CAME AS LOW
- 00:48:31.030 --> 00:48:33.632
- THAT GOD CAME AS LOW STATUS AND WAS ABLE TO BE
- 00:48:33.632 --> 00:48:37.003
- STATUS AND WAS ABLE TO BE AMONG THE PEOPLE, AND THIS
- 00:48:37.003 --> 00:48:38.604
- AMONG THE PEOPLE, AND THIS VERY SAME GOD WAS WILLING
- 00:48:38.604 --> 00:48:39.939
- VERY SAME GOD WAS WILLING RISK IT ALL-- DIE,
- 00:48:39.939 --> 00:48:41.507
- RISK IT ALL-- DIE, RESURRECT.
- 00:48:41.507 --> 00:48:43.142
- RESURRECT. AND THAT RESURRECTION
- 00:48:43.142 --> 00:48:45.611
- AND THAT RESURRECTION POWER IS ALSO WHAT BLACK
- 00:48:45.611 --> 00:48:46.912
- POWER IS ALSO WHAT BLACK PEOPLE LOOK FORWARD TO,
- 00:48:46.912 --> 00:48:49.048
- PEOPLE LOOK FORWARD TO, AND JESUS SUFFERED, AND SO
- 00:48:49.048 --> 00:48:50.383
- AND JESUS SUFFERED, AND SO HE CAN IDENTIFY WITH THE POOR.
- 00:48:50.383 --> 00:48:52.385
- HE CAN IDENTIFY WITH THE POOR. HE CAN IDENTIFY WITH THE
- 00:48:52.385 --> 00:48:54.353
- HE CAN IDENTIFY WITH THE MARGINALIZED BECAUSE HE
- 00:48:54.353 --> 00:48:56.422
- MARGINALIZED BECAUSE HE SUFFERED, AND HE WALKED
- 00:48:56.422 --> 00:48:59.091
- SUFFERED, AND HE WALKED THROUGH THIS WITH US, AND
- 00:48:59.091 --> 00:49:00.626
- THROUGH THIS WITH US, AND WE ARE NOT ALONE.
- 00:49:00.626 --> 00:49:01.160
- WE ARE NOT ALONE. - STEPHEN: CHRISTIANITY
- 00:49:01.160 --> 00:49:02.361
- - STEPHEN: CHRISTIANITY BECOMES A FORM OF COMMUNITY
- 00:49:02.361 --> 00:49:03.129
- BECOMES A FORM OF COMMUNITY BUILDING AS WELL.
- 00:49:03.129 --> 00:49:03.929
- BUILDING AS WELL. WE TALKED ABOUT THE SOCIAL
- 00:49:03.929 --> 00:49:06.098
- WE TALKED ABOUT THE SOCIAL DEATH OF THE MIDDLE
- 00:49:06.098 --> 00:49:07.466
- DEATH OF THE MIDDLE PASSAGE, AND FOR A LOT OF
- 00:49:07.466 --> 00:49:09.835
- PASSAGE, AND FOR A LOT OF AFRICANS, THE CHURCH
- 00:49:09.835 --> 00:49:10.736
- AFRICANS, THE CHURCH BECOMES A PLACE WHERE THEY
- 00:49:10.736 --> 00:49:12.204
- BECOMES A PLACE WHERE THEY RECONSTITUTE COMMUNITIES
- 00:49:12.204 --> 00:49:14.507
- RECONSTITUTE COMMUNITIES BECAUSE, AGAIN, THEY'RE
- 00:49:14.507 --> 00:49:15.908
- BECAUSE, AGAIN, THEY'RE SPEAKING THAT COMMON
- 00:49:15.908 --> 00:49:17.243
- SPEAKING THAT COMMON LANGUAGE OF REDEMPTION,
- 00:49:17.243 --> 00:49:18.744
- LANGUAGE OF REDEMPTION, AND THEY'RE SPEAKING THAT
- 00:49:18.744 --> 00:49:20.146
- AND THEY'RE SPEAKING THAT COMMON LANGUAGE OF BEING
- 00:49:20.146 --> 00:49:21.180
- COMMON LANGUAGE OF BEING PART OF A FAMILY.
- 00:49:21.180 --> 00:49:22.715
- PART OF A FAMILY. FOR LOTS AND LOTS OF
- 00:49:22.715 --> 00:49:23.916
- FOR LOTS AND LOTS OF AFRICANS, THAT'S A PLACE
- 00:49:23.916 --> 00:49:24.650
- AFRICANS, THAT'S A PLACE WHERE THEY FIND THAT
- 00:49:24.650 --> 00:49:26.185
- WHERE THEY FIND THAT FAMILY AGAIN AND CAN BEGIN
- 00:49:26.185 --> 00:49:27.353
- FAMILY AGAIN AND CAN BEGIN TO SPEAK POWERFULLY
- 00:49:27.353 --> 00:49:28.387
- TO SPEAK POWERFULLY AGAINST THE EXPERIENCE OF
- 00:49:28.387 --> 00:49:30.289
- AGAINST THE EXPERIENCE OF SLAVERY TOO.
- 00:49:30.289 --> 00:49:31.390
- SLAVERY TOO. - WILFRED: THERE WOULD'VE
- 00:49:31.390 --> 00:49:32.058
- - WILFRED: THERE WOULD'VE BEEN NO ANTISLAVERY
- 00:49:32.058 --> 00:49:33.993
- BEEN NO ANTISLAVERY MOVEMENT, EFFECTIVE
- 00:49:33.993 --> 00:49:35.161
- MOVEMENT, EFFECTIVE ANTISLAVERY MOVEMENT,
- 00:49:35.161 --> 00:49:38.431
- ANTISLAVERY MOVEMENT, WITHOUT RELIGION-- PERIOD.
- 00:49:38.431 --> 00:49:40.499
- WITHOUT RELIGION-- PERIOD. AND THIS IS SOMETHING THAT
- 00:49:40.499 --> 00:49:41.067
- AND THIS IS SOMETHING THAT MORE AMERICANS NEED TO
- 00:49:41.067 --> 00:49:43.903
- MORE AMERICANS NEED TO KNOW THAT THIS WAS
- 00:49:43.903 --> 00:49:45.104
- KNOW THAT THIS WAS ARGUABLY THE GREATEST AND
- 00:49:45.104 --> 00:49:47.640
- ARGUABLY THE GREATEST AND MOST EFFECTIVE REFORM
- 00:49:47.640 --> 00:49:49.175
- MOST EFFECTIVE REFORM MOVEMENT IN AMERICAN
- 00:49:49.175 --> 00:49:50.443
- MOVEMENT IN AMERICAN HISTORY, AND IT WAS DRIVEN
- 00:49:50.443 --> 00:49:51.444
- HISTORY, AND IT WAS DRIVEN BY RELIGION.
- 00:49:51.444 --> 00:49:54.213
- BY RELIGION. [GUNFIRE]
- 00:49:54.213 --> 00:49:57.216
- [GUNFIRE] [MUSIC]
- 00:49:57.216 --> 00:49:57.716
- [MUSIC] - DENNIS: SLAVERY IS
- 00:49:57.716 --> 00:49:59.118
- - DENNIS: SLAVERY IS TEARING THIS NEW NATION.
- 00:49:59.118 --> 00:50:01.087
- TEARING THIS NEW NATION. THE NORTH AND SOUTH ARE FORMING
- 00:50:01.087 --> 00:50:03.422
- THE NORTH AND SOUTH ARE FORMING A LINE.
- 00:50:03.422 --> 00:50:04.590
- A LINE. THREE MAJOR DENOMINATIONS
- 00:50:04.590 --> 00:50:06.158
- THREE MAJOR DENOMINATIONS SPLIT OVER THE ISSUE OF
- 00:50:06.158 --> 00:50:07.893
- SPLIT OVER THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY.
- 00:50:07.893 --> 00:50:09.495
- SLAVERY. WE ARE NEARING THE FLASH
- 00:50:09.495 --> 00:50:10.930
- WE ARE NEARING THE FLASH POINT, AND SOON SOMETHING
- 00:50:10.930 --> 00:50:11.964
- POINT, AND SOON SOMETHING WILL HAVE TO GIVE.
- 00:50:11.964 --> 00:50:15.935
- WILL HAVE TO GIVE. WILL THIS BRAVE EXPERIMENT
- 00:50:15.935 --> 00:50:16.869
- WILL THIS BRAVE EXPERIMENT END AS QUICKLY AS IT BEGAN--
- 00:50:16.869 --> 00:50:21.073
- END AS QUICKLY AS IT BEGAN-- NOTHING BUT ASHES AND SMOKE?
- 00:50:21.073 --> 00:50:24.143
- NOTHING BUT ASHES AND SMOKE? THOMAS: ANTISLAVERY
- 00:50:24.143 --> 00:50:25.511
- THOMAS: ANTISLAVERY PARTIES THAT ARE EMERGING,
- 00:50:25.511 --> 00:50:26.145
- PARTIES THAT ARE EMERGING, PEOPLE DON'T KNOW HOW TO
- 00:50:26.145 --> 00:50:28.948
- PEOPLE DON'T KNOW HOW TO DEAL WITH THIS.
- 00:50:28.948 --> 00:50:31.484
- DEAL WITH THIS. THEY DON'T KNOW HOW TO
- 00:50:31.484 --> 00:50:32.351
- THEY DON'T KNOW HOW TO TRANSLATE THIS LANGUAGE
- 00:50:32.351 --> 00:50:33.018
- TRANSLATE THIS LANGUAGE THAT COMES FROM THE GREAT
- 00:50:33.018 --> 00:50:35.321
- THAT COMES FROM THE GREAT AWAKENING AND THAT
- 00:50:35.321 --> 00:50:37.123
- AWAKENING AND THAT SPIRITUAL TRANSFORMATION
- 00:50:37.123 --> 00:50:39.191
- SPIRITUAL TRANSFORMATION TO POLITICS-- BY THE END
- 00:50:39.191 --> 00:50:39.892
- TO POLITICS-- BY THE END OF THE 1850s, ABSOLUTELY
- 00:50:39.892 --> 00:50:40.793
- OF THE 1850s, ABSOLUTELY DEADLOCKED OVER THE ISSUE
- 00:50:40.793 --> 00:50:44.430
- DEADLOCKED OVER THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY.
- 00:50:44.430 --> 00:50:46.332
- OF SLAVERY. - DENNIS: IN FACT, IN
- 00:50:46.332 --> 00:50:48.033
- - DENNIS: IN FACT, IN 1854, IN A SPEECH
- 00:50:48.033 --> 00:50:49.135
- 1854, IN A SPEECH DELIVERED IN PEORIA,
- 00:50:49.135 --> 00:50:50.402
- DELIVERED IN PEORIA, ILLINOIS, WE HEAR THE BOLD
- 00:50:50.402 --> 00:50:52.505
- ILLINOIS, WE HEAR THE BOLD VOICE OF A NEW MAVERICK
- 00:50:52.505 --> 00:50:55.441
- VOICE OF A NEW MAVERICK SPEAKING OUT AGAINST SLAVERY.
- 00:50:55.441 --> 00:50:57.109
- SPEAKING OUT AGAINST SLAVERY. - PRESIDENT ABRAHAM
- 00:50:57.109 --> 00:50:58.878
- - PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN: NEARLY 80 YEARS
- 00:50:58.878 --> 00:50:59.879
- LINCOLN: NEARLY 80 YEARS AGO, WE BEGAN BY DECLARING
- 00:50:59.879 --> 00:51:01.780
- AGO, WE BEGAN BY DECLARING THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED
- 00:51:01.780 --> 00:51:02.781
- THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL, BUT NOW, FROM THAT
- 00:51:02.781 --> 00:51:05.417
- EQUAL, BUT NOW, FROM THAT BEGINNING, WE HAVE RUN
- 00:51:05.417 --> 00:51:07.052
- BEGINNING, WE HAVE RUN DOWN TO THE OTHER
- 00:51:07.052 --> 00:51:08.854
- DOWN TO THE OTHER DECLARATION THAT FOR SOME
- 00:51:08.854 --> 00:51:09.855
- DECLARATION THAT FOR SOME MEN TO ENSLAVE OTHERS IS A
- 00:51:09.855 --> 00:51:12.358
- MEN TO ENSLAVE OTHERS IS A SACRED RIGHT OF
- 00:51:12.358 --> 00:51:15.628
- SACRED RIGHT OF GOVERNMENTS.
- 00:51:15.628 --> 00:51:16.629
- GOVERNMENTS. THESE PRINCIPLES CANNOT
- 00:51:16.629 --> 00:51:17.730
- THESE PRINCIPLES CANNOT STAND TOGETHER.
- 00:51:17.730 --> 00:51:18.898
- STAND TOGETHER. THEY ARE AS OPPOSITE AS
- 00:51:18.898 --> 00:51:22.835
- THEY ARE AS OPPOSITE AS GOD AND MAMMON,
- 00:51:22.835 --> 00:51:23.936
- GOD AND MAMMON, AND WHOEVER HOLDS TO THE
- 00:51:23.936 --> 00:51:27.239
- - THOMAS: THE SECOND
- 00:51:28.874 --> 00:51:30.042
- - THOMAS: THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING AWAKENS
- 00:51:30.042 --> 00:51:31.410
- GREAT AWAKENING AWAKENS WITHIN INDIVIDUALS A SENSE
- 00:51:31.410 --> 00:51:33.312
- WITHIN INDIVIDUALS A SENSE THAT "WE NEED ACTUALLY TO
- 00:51:33.312 --> 00:51:36.615
- THAT "WE NEED ACTUALLY TO BE DOING THINGS, LIVING
- 00:51:36.615 --> 00:51:40.786
- DOES SLAVERY FIT WITH THAT?"
- 00:51:42.955 --> 00:51:43.656
- DOES SLAVERY FIT WITH THAT?" AND THAT'S A MORAL DILEMMA
- 00:51:43.656 --> 00:51:44.857
- AND THAT'S A MORAL DILEMMA THAT THE CHURCH STRUGGLES
- 00:51:44.857 --> 00:51:46.192
- THAT THE CHURCH STRUGGLES WITH AND FAILS.
- 00:51:46.192 --> 00:51:46.959
- WITH AND FAILS. IN FACT, ONE MIGHT ARGUE
- 00:51:46.959 --> 00:51:49.195
- IN FACT, ONE MIGHT ARGUE IT EVEN CONTRIBUTES TO THE
- 00:51:49.195 --> 00:51:50.763
- IT EVEN CONTRIBUTES TO THE POLITICAL BREAKDOWN OF THE
- 00:51:50.763 --> 00:51:52.765
- POLITICAL BREAKDOWN OF THE 1850s THAT GIVES US THE
- 00:51:52.765 --> 00:51:54.333
- 1850s THAT GIVES US THE CIVIL WAR.
- 00:51:54.333 --> 00:51:54.934
- CIVIL WAR. [MUSIC]
- 00:51:54.934 --> 00:52:02.675
- [MUSIC] [GUNFIRE]
- 00:52:02.675 --> 00:52:03.876
- [GUNFIRE] - DENNIS: PIVOTAL TIMES
- 00:52:03.876 --> 00:52:04.376
- - DENNIS: PIVOTAL TIMES IN HISTORY CALLED FORTH
- 00:52:04.376 --> 00:52:07.446
- IN HISTORY CALLED FORTH GREAT MEN, MEN FORGED IN
- 00:52:07.446 --> 00:52:07.947
- GREAT MEN, MEN FORGED IN BATTLE, REFINED BY FIRE,
- 00:52:07.947 --> 00:52:08.847
- BATTLE, REFINED BY FIRE, MEN FORCED TO DIG DEEP
- 00:52:08.847 --> 00:52:11.951
- MEN FORCED TO DIG DEEP WELLS TO UNEARTH THE
- 00:52:11.951 --> 00:52:14.687
- WELLS TO UNEARTH THE WISDOM NEEDED TO NOT ONLY
- 00:52:14.687 --> 00:52:16.622
- WISDOM NEEDED TO NOT ONLY END THE PERVASIVE EVIL
- 00:52:16.622 --> 00:52:18.190
- END THE PERVASIVE EVIL LIKE SLAVERY, BUT TO UNITE
- 00:52:18.190 --> 00:52:23.329
- LIKE SLAVERY, BUT TO UNITE A NATION TORN APART.
- 00:52:23.329 --> 00:52:24.196
- A NATION TORN APART. [MUSIC]
- 00:52:24.196 --> 00:52:25.931
- [MUSIC] - MALE: AIM.
- 00:52:25.931 --> 00:52:27.266
- - MALE: AIM. FIRE.
- 00:52:27.266 --> 00:52:28.767
- FIRE. [GUNFIRE]
- 00:52:28.767 --> 00:52:29.568
- [GUNFIRE] - MALE: THE FAITH OF
- 00:52:29.568 --> 00:52:30.069
- - MALE: THE FAITH OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN HAS BEEN
- 00:52:30.069 --> 00:52:30.970
- ABRAHAM LINCOLN HAS BEEN DEBATED A GREAT DEAL, AND
- 00:52:30.970 --> 00:52:32.504
- DEBATED A GREAT DEAL, AND THEY ARE EXTREME
- 00:52:32.504 --> 00:52:33.973
- THEY ARE EXTREME STATEMENTS ON ALL SIDES
- 00:52:33.973 --> 00:52:36.008
- STATEMENTS ON ALL SIDES WHERE PEOPLE WANNA LINE
- 00:52:36.008 --> 00:52:37.610
- WHERE PEOPLE WANNA LINE HIM UP WITH THEIR OWN THOUGHTS.
- 00:52:37.610 --> 00:52:38.611
- HIM UP WITH THEIR OWN THOUGHTS. - MARK: LINCOLN, AS A
- 00:52:38.611 --> 00:52:40.312
- - MARK: LINCOLN, AS A YOUNG MAN, IS
- 00:52:40.312 --> 00:52:40.946
- YOUNG MAN, IS DISILLUSIONED WITH
- 00:52:40.946 --> 00:52:41.680
- DISILLUSIONED WITH CHRISTIANITY.
- 00:52:41.680 --> 00:52:42.681
- CHRISTIANITY. HIS FATHER IS A HARD
- 00:52:42.681 --> 00:52:43.916
- HIS FATHER IS A HARD CALVINIST BAPTIST.
- 00:52:43.916 --> 00:52:45.251
- CALVINIST BAPTIST. THERE'S A PERIOD IN LIFE
- 00:52:45.251 --> 00:52:46.685
- THERE'S A PERIOD IN LIFE WHEN HE'S READING, KIND
- 00:52:46.685 --> 00:52:47.820
- WHEN HE'S READING, KIND OF, RADICAL, SKEPTICAL
- 00:52:47.820 --> 00:52:49.888
- OF, RADICAL, SKEPTICAL LITERATURE.
- 00:52:49.888 --> 00:52:51.223
- LITERATURE. HE HAS TO ISSUE A PAMPHLET
- 00:52:51.223 --> 00:52:51.890
- HE HAS TO ISSUE A PAMPHLET WHEN HE FIRST RUNS FOR
- 00:52:51.890 --> 00:52:52.891
- WHEN HE FIRST RUNS FOR OFFICE TO SAY, "ALTHOUGH
- 00:52:52.891 --> 00:52:53.726
- OFFICE TO SAY, "ALTHOUGH I'VE NEVER BEEN A MEMBER
- 00:52:53.726 --> 00:52:54.493
- I'VE NEVER BEEN A MEMBER OF A CHRISTIAN CHURCH, I
- 00:52:54.493 --> 00:52:56.729
- OF A CHRISTIAN CHURCH, I DO NOT MOCK RELIGION."
- 00:52:56.729 --> 00:52:57.763
- DO NOT MOCK RELIGION." WELL, WHY DOES HE HAVE TO
- 00:52:57.763 --> 00:52:59.031
- WELL, WHY DOES HE HAVE TO WRITE THE PAMPHLET?
- 00:52:59.031 --> 00:52:59.565
- WRITE THE PAMPHLET? BECAUSE OTHERS ARE SAYING,
- 00:52:59.565 --> 00:53:00.699
- BECAUSE OTHERS ARE SAYING, "HE DOES MOCK RELIGION."
- 00:53:00.699 --> 00:53:01.300
- "HE DOES MOCK RELIGION." - TIMOTHY: LINCOLN ACTUALLY
- 00:53:01.300 --> 00:53:02.635
- - TIMOTHY: LINCOLN ACTUALLY FITS A PRETTY COMMON PATTERN
- 00:53:02.635 --> 00:53:03.535
- FITS A PRETTY COMMON PATTERN IN THE 19TH CENTURY,
- 00:53:03.535 --> 00:53:04.503
- IN THE 19TH CENTURY, WHICH WAS THAT,
- 00:53:04.503 --> 00:53:06.038
- WHICH WAS THAT, AS A YOUNG MAN,
- 00:53:06.038 --> 00:53:06.972
- AS A YOUNG MAN, HE TENDED TO BE SKEPTICAL
- 00:53:06.972 --> 00:53:10.109
- HE TENDED TO BE SKEPTICAL AND A LITTLE CYNICAL, BUT
- 00:53:10.109 --> 00:53:11.910
- AND A LITTLE CYNICAL, BUT HE GREW OLDER, SO I SEE
- 00:53:11.910 --> 00:53:12.845
- HE GREW OLDER, SO I SEE THE MATURE LINCOLN AS
- 00:53:12.845 --> 00:53:14.380
- THE MATURE LINCOLN AS SOMEBODY WHO SEES NOT THE
- 00:53:14.380 --> 00:53:15.614
- SOMEBODY WHO SEES NOT THE PROBLEMS IN THE BIBLE THAT
- 00:53:15.614 --> 00:53:16.882
- PROBLEMS IN THE BIBLE THAT A CLEVER PERSON COULD
- 00:53:16.882 --> 00:53:18.083
- A CLEVER PERSON COULD POINT OUT BUT SEES THE
- 00:53:18.083 --> 00:53:20.286
- POINT OUT BUT SEES THE DEPTH AND RICHNESS OF THE
- 00:53:20.286 --> 00:53:23.255
- DEPTH AND RICHNESS OF THE BIBLE TO MAKE FAITH SPEAK
- 00:53:23.255 --> 00:53:24.790
- BIBLE TO MAKE FAITH SPEAK TO THE GREATEST ISSUES OF
- 00:53:24.790 --> 00:53:25.391
- TO THE GREATEST ISSUES OF OUR LIFE.
- 00:53:25.391 --> 00:53:26.392
- OUR LIFE. - THOMAS: LINCOLN HAS
- 00:53:26.392 --> 00:53:28.027
- - THOMAS: LINCOLN HAS THIS DEEP SENSE OF
- 00:53:28.027 --> 00:53:29.662
- THIS DEEP SENSE OF FAIRNESS, THIS DEEP SENSE
- 00:53:29.662 --> 00:53:32.498
- FAIRNESS, THIS DEEP SENSE OF WHAT IS RIGHT, WHAT IS
- 00:53:32.498 --> 00:53:34.900
- OF WHAT IS RIGHT, WHAT IS WRONG, BASED UPON THE
- 00:53:34.900 --> 00:53:36.802
- WRONG, BASED UPON THE BIBLE HE READ BY THE
- 00:53:36.802 --> 00:53:38.671
- BIBLE HE READ BY THE FIREPLACE LIGHT OR BY
- 00:53:38.671 --> 00:53:40.205
- FIREPLACE LIGHT OR BY CANDLELIGHT.
- 00:53:40.205 --> 00:53:41.473
- CANDLELIGHT. IT'S NOT AN INSTITUTIONAL
- 00:53:41.473 --> 00:53:45.778
- IT'S NOT AN INSTITUTIONAL KIND OF RELIGION, BUT IT
- 00:53:45.778 --> 00:53:46.478
- KIND OF RELIGION, BUT IT IS A RELIGIOUS FAITH THAT IS
- 00:53:46.478 --> 00:53:47.546
- IS A RELIGIOUS FAITH THAT IS INFORMED BY HIS UNDERSTANDING
- 00:53:47.546 --> 00:53:50.149
- INFORMED BY HIS UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT SCRIPTURE SAYS.
- 00:53:50.149 --> 00:53:51.150
- OF WHAT SCRIPTURE SAYS. AND FOR ABRAHAM LINCOLN,
- 00:53:51.150 --> 00:53:53.185
- AND FOR ABRAHAM LINCOLN, THERE IS THIS SENSE THAT
- 00:53:53.185 --> 00:53:54.753
- THERE IS THIS SENSE THAT SLAVERY CANNOT BE PART OF
- 00:53:54.753 --> 00:53:56.588
- SLAVERY CANNOT BE PART OF THE EQUATION.
- 00:53:56.588 --> 00:53:58.891
- THE EQUATION. - TIMOTHY: WHEN LINCOLN
- 00:53:58.891 --> 00:54:00.626
- - TIMOTHY: WHEN LINCOLN REALIZES THE OVERWHELMING
- 00:54:00.626 --> 00:54:01.560
- REALIZES THE OVERWHELMING SITUATION THAT HE'S
- 00:54:01.560 --> 00:54:02.227
- SITUATION THAT HE'S FACING, THIS HORRIBLE,
- 00:54:02.227 --> 00:54:03.495
- FACING, THIS HORRIBLE, HORRIBLE WAR WHERE
- 00:54:03.495 --> 00:54:05.397
- HORRIBLE WAR WHERE BROTHERS ARE KILLING EACH
- 00:54:05.397 --> 00:54:07.399
- BROTHERS ARE KILLING EACH OTHER, THE TRAGEDY AND
- 00:54:07.399 --> 00:54:08.334
- OTHER, THE TRAGEDY AND EVILNESS OF SLAVERY, A
- 00:54:08.334 --> 00:54:10.069
- EVILNESS OF SLAVERY, A COUNTRY THAT LOOKS LIKE IT
- 00:54:10.069 --> 00:54:12.204
- COUNTRY THAT LOOKS LIKE IT CANNOT SURVIVE AS A ONE
- 00:54:12.204 --> 00:54:13.639
- CANNOT SURVIVE AS A ONE NATION ANYMORE, HE FINDS
- 00:54:13.639 --> 00:54:15.541
- NATION ANYMORE, HE FINDS THAT ONLY THE WEIGHT OF
- 00:54:15.541 --> 00:54:19.044
- THAT ONLY THE WEIGHT OF SCRIPTURE CAN REALLY SPEAK
- 00:54:19.044 --> 00:54:19.878
- SCRIPTURE CAN REALLY SPEAK TO THAT CONDITION IN A WAY
- 00:54:19.878 --> 00:54:21.380
- TO THAT CONDITION IN A WAY THAT IS PROFOUND ENOUGH.
- 00:54:21.380 --> 00:54:23.649
- THAT IS PROFOUND ENOUGH. WHAT HE COMES TO IS THAT
- 00:54:23.649 --> 00:54:24.950
- WHAT HE COMES TO IS THAT THERE IS A JUST AND
- 00:54:24.950 --> 00:54:26.251
- THERE IS A JUST AND RIGHTEOUS GOD, AND HE'S
- 00:54:26.251 --> 00:54:27.286
- RIGHTEOUS GOD, AND HE'S NOT ON MY SIDE, AND HE'S
- 00:54:27.286 --> 00:54:28.354
- NOT ON MY SIDE, AND HE'S NOT ON YOUR SIDE.
- 00:54:28.354 --> 00:54:30.289
- NOT ON YOUR SIDE. HE'S ON THE SIDE OF
- 00:54:30.289 --> 00:54:31.857
- HE'S ON THE SIDE OF JUSTICE.
- 00:54:31.857 --> 00:54:32.691
- JUSTICE. - DENNIS: THIS WAS NOT
- 00:54:32.691 --> 00:54:33.625
- - DENNIS: THIS WAS NOT JUST ABOUT WINNING A WAR
- 00:54:33.625 --> 00:54:34.159
- JUST ABOUT WINNING A WAR OR ENDING SLAVERY OR EVEN
- 00:54:34.159 --> 00:54:36.962
- OR ENDING SLAVERY OR EVEN BEING RIGHT.
- 00:54:36.962 --> 00:54:39.131
- BEING RIGHT. WHEN ONE SIDE WINS, THE
- 00:54:39.131 --> 00:54:42.067
- WHEN ONE SIDE WINS, THE OTHER LOSES, AND A NATION
- 00:54:42.067 --> 00:54:44.570
- OTHER LOSES, AND A NATION DIVIDED CANNOT STAND.
- 00:54:44.570 --> 00:54:45.537
- DIVIDED CANNOT STAND. LINCOLN MUST DO THE
- 00:54:45.537 --> 00:54:47.339
- LINCOLN MUST DO THE IMPOSSIBLE, UNITE A
- 00:54:47.339 --> 00:54:49.808
- IMPOSSIBLE, UNITE A FRACTURED NATION WITH
- 00:54:49.808 --> 00:54:51.543
- FRACTURED NATION WITH WOUNDS SO DEEP THAT ONLY A
- 00:54:51.543 --> 00:54:57.616
- WOUNDS SO DEEP THAT ONLY A MIRACLE COULD HEAL IT.
- 00:54:57.616 --> 00:54:58.217
- MIRACLE COULD HEAL IT. - MARK: AS THE WAR GOES
- 00:54:58.217 --> 00:54:58.917
- - MARK: AS THE WAR GOES ON, IT DOES BECOME MORE
- 00:54:58.917 --> 00:55:00.552
- ON, IT DOES BECOME MORE EVIDENT THAT HE TRUSTS
- 00:55:00.552 --> 00:55:01.653
- EVIDENT THAT HE TRUSTS DIVINE PROVIDENCE.
- 00:55:01.653 --> 00:55:02.955
- DIVINE PROVIDENCE. IN SEPTEMBER OF 1862,
- 00:55:02.955 --> 00:55:05.924
- IN SEPTEMBER OF 1862, HE WRITES TO HIMSELF A MEMO.
- 00:55:05.924 --> 00:55:06.692
- HE WRITES TO HIMSELF A MEMO. IT'S CALLED "THE MEMO
- 00:55:06.692 --> 00:55:08.727
- IT'S CALLED "THE MEMO ABOUT THE DIVINE WILL,"
- 00:55:08.727 --> 00:55:11.096
- - PRESIDENT LINCOLN:
- 00:55:12.197 --> 00:55:13.165
- - PRESIDENT LINCOLN: EVERYBODY KNOWS WHAT GOD IS
- 00:55:13.165 --> 00:55:13.999
- EVERYBODY KNOWS WHAT GOD IS DOING IN THIS CONFLICT,
- 00:55:13.999 --> 00:55:15.134
- DOING IN THIS CONFLICT, BUT MAYBE NONE OF US DO.
- 00:55:15.134 --> 00:55:16.902
- BUT MAYBE NONE OF US DO. MAYBE HE HAS PURPOSES MUCH
- 00:55:16.902 --> 00:55:20.973
- [MUSIC]
- 00:55:22.908 --> 00:55:24.476
- [MUSIC] - MARK: A SECOND SON DIES
- 00:55:24.476 --> 00:55:25.043
- - MARK: A SECOND SON DIES WHILE THE LINCOLNS ARE IN
- 00:55:25.043 --> 00:55:25.911
- WHILE THE LINCOLNS ARE IN THE WHITE HOUSE, AND HE
- 00:55:25.911 --> 00:55:27.646
- THE WHITE HOUSE, AND HE IS HELPED BY THE MINISTER
- 00:55:27.646 --> 00:55:28.480
- IS HELPED BY THE MINISTER OF THE NEW YORK AVENUE
- 00:55:28.480 --> 00:55:30.682
- OF THE NEW YORK AVENUE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
- 00:55:30.682 --> 00:55:31.550
- PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. LINCOLN, WHO ALMOST NEVER
- 00:55:31.550 --> 00:55:33.952
- LINCOLN, WHO ALMOST NEVER TALKED ABOUT GOD IN
- 00:55:33.952 --> 00:55:35.421
- TALKED ABOUT GOD IN PERSONAL TERMS, TOLD HIS
- 00:55:35.421 --> 00:55:36.455
- PERSONAL TERMS, TOLD HIS CABINET, RECORDED BY TWO
- 00:55:36.455 --> 00:55:39.324
- CABINET, RECORDED BY TWO OR THREE DIFFERENT CABINET
- 00:55:39.324 --> 00:55:40.058
- OR THREE DIFFERENT CABINET MEMBERS AT THE TIME IN THE
- 00:55:40.058 --> 00:55:42.628
- - PRESIDENT LINCOLN:
- 00:55:43.762 --> 00:55:44.296
- - PRESIDENT LINCOLN: I PROMISED GOD,
- 00:55:44.296 --> 00:55:45.030
- I PROMISED GOD, IF WE WOULD HAVE A
- 00:55:45.030 --> 00:55:46.064
- IF WE WOULD HAVE A SIGNIFICANT VICTORY,
- 00:55:46.064 --> 00:55:46.932
- SIGNIFICANT VICTORY, I WOULD ISSUE A PROCLAMATION
- 00:55:46.932 --> 00:55:48.400
- I WOULD ISSUE A PROCLAMATION FREEING THE SLAVES AS
- 00:55:48.400 --> 00:55:49.802
- FREEING THE SLAVES AS A WAR MEASURE IN THIS
- 00:55:49.802 --> 00:55:52.671
- - MARK: AFTER THE BATTLE
- 00:55:54.006 --> 00:55:54.773
- - MARK: AFTER THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM, HE TOLD HIS
- 00:55:54.773 --> 00:55:55.741
- OF ANTIETAM, HE TOLD HIS CABINET THAT HE HAD MADE
- 00:55:55.741 --> 00:55:57.576
- CABINET THAT HE HAD MADE THAT PROMISE, AND ON THE
- 00:55:57.576 --> 00:55:58.444
- THAT PROMISE, AND ON THE BASIS OF THAT PROMISE,
- 00:55:58.444 --> 00:56:00.179
- BASIS OF THAT PROMISE, HE WROTE THEN THE PRELIMINARY
- 00:56:00.179 --> 00:56:01.013
- HE WROTE THEN THE PRELIMINARY EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
- 00:56:01.013 --> 00:56:02.448
- EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION THAT WOULD THEN,
- 00:56:02.448 --> 00:56:04.416
- THAT WOULD THEN, IN JANUARY 1, 1863, DECLARE
- 00:56:04.416 --> 00:56:06.385
- IN JANUARY 1, 1863, DECLARE THAT SLAVES IN THE
- 00:56:06.385 --> 00:56:06.985
- THAT SLAVES IN THE REBELLING STATES WERE
- 00:56:06.985 --> 00:56:09.721
- REBELLING STATES WERE FREE.
- 00:56:09.721 --> 00:56:11.089
- FREE. THIS IS MAYBE THE ONLY
- 00:56:11.089 --> 00:56:12.658
- THIS IS MAYBE THE ONLY TIME IN THE RECORDED
- 00:56:12.658 --> 00:56:13.992
- TIME IN THE RECORDED DOCUMENTATION FOR
- 00:56:13.992 --> 00:56:15.227
- DOCUMENTATION FOR LINCOLN'S LIFE THAT HE
- 00:56:15.227 --> 00:56:15.794
- LINCOLN'S LIFE THAT HE TALKS PERSONALLY ABOUT
- 00:56:15.794 --> 00:56:18.297
- TALKS PERSONALLY ABOUT RELATING TO GOD, BUT IT
- 00:56:18.297 --> 00:56:20.132
- RELATING TO GOD, BUT IT OBVIOUSLY WAS A FACTOR IN
- 00:56:20.132 --> 00:56:22.234
- OBVIOUSLY WAS A FACTOR IN THE MOVEMENT TOWARD
- 00:56:22.234 --> 00:56:24.803
- THE MOVEMENT TOWARD EMANCIPATION.
- 00:56:24.803 --> 00:56:26.004
- EMANCIPATION. [MUSIC]
- 00:56:26.004 --> 00:56:26.572
- [MUSIC] - THOMAS: LINCOLN SEEMS
- 00:56:26.572 --> 00:56:27.639
- - THOMAS: LINCOLN SEEMS TO HAVE HAD SOMETHING
- 00:56:27.639 --> 00:56:30.776
- TO HAVE HAD SOMETHING CLICK IN MIND AND SOUL,
- 00:56:30.776 --> 00:56:32.878
- CLICK IN MIND AND SOUL, AND WHAT CLICKED WAS THIS
- 00:56:32.878 --> 00:56:34.746
- AND WHAT CLICKED WAS THIS IS NOT A WAR JUST ABOUT
- 00:56:34.746 --> 00:56:36.181
- IS NOT A WAR JUST ABOUT POLITICS.
- 00:56:36.181 --> 00:56:36.782
- POLITICS. THIS ISN'T JUST ABOUT
- 00:56:36.782 --> 00:56:38.317
- THIS ISN'T JUST ABOUT NORTH AND SOUTH.
- 00:56:38.317 --> 00:56:39.885
- NORTH AND SOUTH. THIS IS A WAR THAT IS
- 00:56:39.885 --> 00:56:41.653
- THIS IS A WAR THAT IS FOCUSED ON THE NATION'S
- 00:56:41.653 --> 00:56:43.088
- FOCUSED ON THE NATION'S SOUL, AND SLAVERY IS AT
- 00:56:43.088 --> 00:56:45.357
- SOUL, AND SLAVERY IS AT THE CORE OF WHO WE ARE,
- 00:56:45.357 --> 00:56:47.526
- THE CORE OF WHO WE ARE, WHAT OUR CORE IDENTITY
- 00:56:47.526 --> 00:56:50.596
- WHAT OUR CORE IDENTITY IS AS A COUNTRY.
- 00:56:50.596 --> 00:56:51.463
- IS AS A COUNTRY. SO THE EMANCIPATION
- 00:56:51.463 --> 00:56:52.531
- SO THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION BECOMES THAT
- 00:56:52.531 --> 00:56:55.767
- PROCLAMATION BECOMES THAT FIRST BIG STEP IN WHICH
- 00:56:55.767 --> 00:56:56.335
- FIRST BIG STEP IN WHICH LINCOLN IS SAYING, "THIS
- 00:56:56.335 --> 00:56:57.836
- LINCOLN IS SAYING, "THIS IS A WAR NOT JUST ABOUT
- 00:56:57.836 --> 00:57:00.305
- IS A WAR NOT JUST ABOUT PRESERVING THE UNION.
- 00:57:00.305 --> 00:57:01.473
- PRESERVING THE UNION. THIS IS A WAR NOT JUST
- 00:57:01.473 --> 00:57:02.674
- THIS IS A WAR NOT JUST ABOUT THE IDEALS OF THE
- 00:57:02.674 --> 00:57:03.242
- ABOUT THE IDEALS OF THE DECLARATION OF
- 00:57:03.242 --> 00:57:03.976
- DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
- 00:57:03.976 --> 00:57:05.811
- INDEPENDENCE. THIS IS A WAR ABOUT ENDING
- 00:57:05.811 --> 00:57:07.679
- THIS IS A WAR ABOUT ENDING SLAVERY, AND AS WE END
- 00:57:07.679 --> 00:57:12.951
- SLAVERY, AND AS WE END SLAVERY, THOSE IDEALS THAT
- 00:57:12.951 --> 00:57:13.785
- SLAVERY, THOSE IDEALS THAT WERE FIRST PENNED BY
- 00:57:13.785 --> 00:57:15.053
- WERE FIRST PENNED BY THOMAS JEFFERSON BECOME
- 00:57:15.053 --> 00:57:17.456
- - PRESIDENT LINCOLN: NOW
- 00:57:19.758 --> 00:57:21.159
- - PRESIDENT LINCOLN: NOW THEREFORE, I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN,
- 00:57:21.159 --> 00:57:24.663
- THEREFORE, I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
- 00:57:24.663 --> 00:57:25.497
- PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, I DO ORDER AND DECLARE
- 00:57:25.497 --> 00:57:27.866
- I DO ORDER AND DECLARE THAT ALL PERSONS HELD
- 00:57:27.866 --> 00:57:31.303
- THAT ALL PERSONS HELD AS SLAVES ARE AND HENCEFORWARD
- 00:57:31.303 --> 00:57:34.373
- - DENNIS: ABOLITIONISTS,
- 00:57:35.507 --> 00:57:36.975
- - DENNIS: ABOLITIONISTS, WHITE AND BLACK,
- 00:57:36.975 --> 00:57:38.076
- WHITE AND BLACK, DENOMINATIONS BOLD AND TRUE,
- 00:57:38.076 --> 00:57:39.511
- DENOMINATIONS BOLD AND TRUE, AND THOSE WHO SHED
- 00:57:39.511 --> 00:57:42.714
- AND THOSE WHO SHED THEIR BLOOD ON THE
- 00:57:42.714 --> 00:57:43.916
- THEIR BLOOD ON THE BATTLEFIELDS BROUGHT
- 00:57:43.916 --> 00:57:44.783
- BATTLEFIELDS BROUGHT FREEDOM TO THIS NEW NATION
- 00:57:44.783 --> 00:57:47.953
- FREEDOM TO THIS NEW NATION FOR ALL PEOPLE.
- 00:57:47.953 --> 00:57:48.987
- FOR ALL PEOPLE. NOW LINCOLN WOULD NEED A
- 00:57:48.987 --> 00:57:50.289
- NOW LINCOLN WOULD NEED A DEFT HAND TO HEAL A
- 00:57:50.289 --> 00:57:51.924
- DEFT HAND TO HEAL A BROKEN LAND.
- 00:57:51.924 --> 00:57:55.327
- BROKEN LAND. WOULD HE BE ABLE TO DO IT,
- 00:57:55.327 --> 00:57:55.861
- WOULD HE BE ABLE TO DO IT, AND WHAT WOULD BE THE
- 00:57:55.861 --> 00:57:58.897
- [VICALIZING]
- 00:58:29.962 --> 00:58:53.552
